Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Growth Responses

المصدر: Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Growth Responses
في منتدى : العلوم العامة والبرامج العلمية

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Growth Responses
by
Dinesh K. Maheshwari


Publisher
Springer; 1st Edition. edition
(August 28, 2011)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 3642203310
ISBN-13: 978-3642203312

BooK description
The future of agriculture strongly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. An ecologically and economically sustainable strategy is the application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining worldwide importance. SBacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Growth Responses describes the application of various bacteria in plant growth promotion and protection, including symbiotic, free living, rhizospheric, endophytic, methylotrophic, diazotrophic and filamentous species.
Common terms and phrases:
actinomycetes auxin bacteria bacterium diazotrophic endophytic gene isolated methylotrophic microbial nitrogen fixation Paenibacillus PGPR plant growth promoting production Pseudomonas fluorescens rhizobacteria rhizosphere siderophores species strains Streptomyces surfactin

Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Plant Growth Promoting Bacilli
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1.3 Direct Benefits of ePGPRs for Plants
1.4 Promotion of Plant Growth by Bacilli
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Bacillus mojavensis: Its Endophytic Nature, the Surfactins, and Their Role in the Plant Response to Infection by Fusarium verticillioides
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Surfactin Chemistry and Structural Features
2.2.1 In Vitro Production and Heterogeneity of Surfactins
2.2.2 Surfactin Biocontrol Features
2.3 Plant-Bacterial Endophytic Relationships
2.4 Plant Growth Effects
2.5 Product Transformations
2.6 Fungal-Bacterium Interaction
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Use of Plant-Associated Bacillus Strains as Biofertilizers and Biocontrol Agents in Agriculture
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Bacilli as Biofungicides and Biofertilizers: Advantages and Disadvantages
3.3 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa: Plant-Growth-Promoting Endospore-Forming Bacteria with Biocontrol Activity
3.4 B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42: Taxonomy and Comparative Genomics
3.5 Plant-Bacteria Interactions
3.5.1 Colonization of Plant Roots by B. amyloliquefaciens and P. polymyxa
3.5.2 Effect of Root Exudates on Root-Colonizing Bacilli
3.5.3 Bacterial Compounds, Beneficial for Plant Growth
3.6 Biofertilizer Function
3.6.1 Soil Aggregation
3.6.2 Nitrogen and Nitrite Extrusion
3.6.3 Mineral-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phytase Activity
3.7 Biological Control of Soil and Airborne Plant Diseases
3.7.1 Nonribosomal Lipopeptides
3.7.2 Nonribosomal Synthesized Polyketides
3.7.3 Ribosomal Synthesized Peptides (Lantibiotics and Bacteriocins)
3.7.4 A Case Study: Combined Use of Bacilysin and Difficidin Against Fire Blight
3.7.5 Induced Systemic Resistance
3.7.5.1 Comparison of FZB42 with Related Strains
3.8 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 4: Mechanisms of Fluorescent Pseudomonads That Mediate Biological Control of Phytopathogens and Plant Growth Promotion of Crop Plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biocontrol Mechanisms
4.2.1 Fungal Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes
4.2.2 Antifungal Metabolites
4.2.2.1 Phenazines
4.2.2.2 Phloroglucinols
4.2.2.3 Pyrrols
4.2.2.4 Polyketides
4.2.2.5 Peptide Antibiotics
4.2.3 Hydrogen Cyanide
4.2.4 Siderophores and Pathogen Suppression
4.2.5 Competition
4.2.6 Cell Wall Components
4.2.7 Induced Systemic Resistance
4.3 Plant Growth Promotion Mechanisms
4.3.1 Phosphate Solubilization
4.3.2 Denitrification
4.3.3 Siderophores and Growth Promotion
4.3.4 Phytohormones and Enzymes
4.3.4.1 Indole-3-Acetic Acid
4.3.4.2 Cytokinins
4.3.4.3 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase
4.3.5 Vitamins
4.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Role of Pseudomonas aurantiaca in Crop Improvement
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Rhizosphere Colonization
5.3 Growth Promotion Mechanisms
5.3.1 Indole Acetic Acid Production
5.3.2 Biocontrol Activity
5.4 Legume Responses to Inoculation with P. aurantiaca SR1
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: What Is Expected from the Genus Azospirillum as a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria?
6.1 The Genus Azospirillum
6.2 Genetics and Biochemistry
6.3 Bacterial Behavior in Plants
6.4 Plant Growth Promotion: Mechanisms
6.4.1 Phytohormone Production
6.4.2 Siderophore Production
6.4.3 P-Solubilization
6.4.4 Nitrogen Fixation
6.5 Agricultural Application
6.6 Final Considerations
References
Chapter 7: Plasmid Plasticity in the Plant-Associated Bacteria of the Genus Azospirillum
7.1 Introduction
7.2 General Features of Multipartite Azospirillum Genomes
7.2.1 Plasmids
7.2.2 Insertion Sequences
7.2.3 Prophages
7.2.4 Genomic Islands
7.3 Plasmid Dynamics and Phenotypic Variations in Several Azospirillum Species
7.3.1 Azospirillum brasilense
7.3.2 Azospirillum lipoferum
7.3.3 Azospirillum irakense
7.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 8: Enterobacter: Role in Plant Growth Promotion
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Plant Growth Promoting Attributes
8.2.1 Nitrogen Fixation
8.2.2 Siderophore Production
8.2.3 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylase
8.2.4 Antimicrobial Compounds
8.2.5 Hormonal Signals Involved in Plant Growth Promotion
8.3 Molecular Biology and General Features Enterobacter sp.
8.4 Selected Species of Enterobacter
8.4.1 Enterobacter cloacae UW5: Aromatic Amino Acid-Dependent Expression of Indole-3-Pyruvate Decarboxylase and Overexpression of hns Gene
8.4.2 Enterobacter ludwigii sp.: A Novel Species of Plant Growth and Its Clinical Relevance
8.4.3 Enterobacter radicincitans sp.: A Novel Plant Growth Promoting Species
8.4.4 Enterobacter asburiae PSI3 and E. asburiae PS2: Secreting Organic Acid and Phytotoxic Effect of Cd Metal and Phosphate Solubilization Influenced by Fungicide
8.4.5 Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter): Evidence for Plant Association
8.4.6 Enterobacter cancerogenus: A Novel Plant Growth Promoting Agent
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Nitrogen-Fixing Endophytic Bacteria for Improved Plant Growth
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods of Analysis
9.3 Diazotrophic Endophytes
9.3.1 Diazotrophic Endophytes from Monocot Crops: Sugarcane, Rice, and Maize
9.3.2 Diazotrophic Endophytes from Dicot Crops: Sweet Potato and Coffee
9.3.3 Diazotrophic Endophytes from Bioenergy Crops: Poplar and Willow
9.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Endophytic Actinomycetes: Biocontrol Agents and Growth Promoters
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Isolation of Endophytic Actinomycetes
10.2.1 Isolation Sources
10.2.2 Isolation Procedures
10.3 Diversity and Organ-Specificity of Endophytic Actinomycetes
10.4 Mode of Penetration and in Planta Localization of Endophytic Actinomycetes
10.5 Endophytic Actinomycetes as Biological Control Agents
10.5.1 Biocontrol of Soil-Borne Diseases
10.5.2 Biocontrol of Foliar Diseases
10.6 Endophytic Actinomycetes as Plant Growth Promoters
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Bacteria Associated with Orchid Roots
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Orchids
11.2.1 Orchid-Associated Bacteria
11.2.2 Cyanobacteria
11.2.3 Rhizobacteria
11.2.3.1 Auxin Production by Orchid-Associated Rhizobacteria
11.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Diversity and Beneficial Interactions Among Methylobacterium and Plants
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methanol-Oxidizing Microorganisms
12.3 Diversity of Soil Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria
12.4 Plant-Associated Methylobacterium
12.5 ACC Deaminase Producing Methylobacterium and Their Effects on Plant Growth
12.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Actinobacteria-Plant Interactions: A Boon to Agriculture
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Actinomycetes
13.3 The Rhizosphere
13.3.1 Diversity in the Rhizosphere
13.3.2 Exudates in the Rhizosphere
13.4 Biological Control of Plant Diseases by Actinobacteria
13.4.1 Antibiosis
13.4.2 Colonization of Plant Roots and Surfaces
13.4.2.1 Competition
Competition for Iron: Importance of Siderophores
13.4.3 Parasitism and the Production of Extracellular Proteins
13.4.4 Volatile Substances
13.5 Plant Growth Promotion by Actinobacteria
13.5.1 Nutrient Uptake
13.5.1.1 Iron Sequestration
13.5.1.2 Enhancement of Phosphorus Availability
13.5.1.3 Phytohormone Production
13.5.2 Current Limitations of PGPR
13.6 Considerations for Actinomycete Formulations
13.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Functional Significance of Insect Gut Bacteria and Their Role in Host Insect Processes, Development, and Crop Production
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Functional Significance of Insect Gut Bacteria
14.2.1 Role of Chitinase Produced by Gut Bacteria in Host Insect Processes
14.2.2 Gut Bacteria Mediated Detoxification of Allelochemical and Xenobiotics
14.2.3 Gut Bacteria Mediated Disease Resistance in Host Insect
14.2.4 Gut Bacteria Mediated Protection Against Biopesticides
14.2.5 Gut Bacteria Mediated Nitrogen Fixation in Insects
14.3 Potential of Antibiotic Therapy for Insect Pest Management
14.4 Insect Gut Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents and PGPB
14.5 Future Thrust
References
Chapter 15: Potentials for Biological Control of Plant Diseases by Lysobacter spp., with Special Reference to Strain SB-K88
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Habitat and Taxonomic Position
15.3 Suppression of Plant Diseases by Lysobacter spp.
15.3.1 Suppression of Plant Diseases by Lysobacter enzymogenes Strain C3
15.3.2 Lysobacter sp. SB-K88 Suppresses Damping-Off Diseases
15.3.3 Disease Suppression by L. enzymogenes Strain 3.1T8 and Others
15.4 General Active Principle and Mechanisms of Disease Suppression
15.4.1 Secretion of Lytic Enzymes as Mean of Biocontrol
15.4.2 Antibiosis as a Means of Biocontrol
15.4.2.1 Secretion of Macrocyclic Lactam Antibiotics by SB-K88
15.4.2.2 Antibiosis as Mode of Action of Biocontrol by L. enzymogenes Strain C3 and Others
15.4.2.3 Biosynthetic Origin of Macrocyclic Lactam Antibiotics
15.4.3 Plant Colonization and Biofilm Formation
15.4.4 Induced Systematic Resistance
15.4.5 Wolf-Pack Predation
15.4.6 Production of Allelochemicals and Growth Promoting Effects
15.5 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Index

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