بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Progress in Mycology
by
Mahendra Rai, University of Debrecen
book Description
There has been tremendous biotechnological advancement in the field of fungi in the last two decades. The present book is aimed to provide the readers with current trends in the field of Mycology in general and fungal biotechnology in particular. The book would be of utmost importance to students, researchers and teachers of botany, mycology, microbiology, medical microbiology, fungal biotechnology and nanotechnology. The readers should find the book full of information and reader friendly.
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
CHAPTER 1 BETTER YEAST FOR BETTER WINE - GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE WINE STRAINS
Introduction
The ecology and population genetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetic constitution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains
Selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with desirable characteristics
S. cerevisiae strain modification based on classical methods
Targets for genetic modifications by recombinant DNA technologies
Strategies for genetic modifications
The potential of whole cell engineering approaches
Genomic and proteomic studies of S. cerevisiae under winemaking conditions and their potential for obtaining novel GMY
The future of wines obtained from genetically modified yeast
Legal aspects
Environmental risk assessment
Consumer's perceptions, attitudes and concerns
Future perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 2 GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF ASPERGILLUS FLA VUS
Introduction
Genetics of Aspergillusflavus
Genetic linkage groups
Chromosome karyotypes
Genetics of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes
Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster
Genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Biological regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Genomics of Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tags
Whole genome sequencing of Aspergillus flavus
Microarrays as tools for functional genomics studies
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 3 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF ZYGOMYCETES FUNGI
Introduction
Selection methods
Dominant selection methods
Auxotrophic markers
Transformation procedures
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediatedprotoplast transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT)
Other techniques
The fate of the introduced DNA
Autoreplicative plasmids
Integrative systems
Expression of heterologous genes
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER - 4 CURRENT ADVANCES IN ASPERGILLOSIS
Introduction
Epidemiology
Identification of Aspergillus spp, in the laboratory
Risk factors of Aspergillosis
Diagnosis
Laboratory diagnosis
Microscope and Culture
Immunodiagnostic
Other non-culture based techniques
Radiology
Aspergillus spp. infection in LT recipients
Aspergillosis and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Aspergillus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Epidemiology
Clinical features of IPA in COPD
Diagnostic procedures Respiratory samples
Serology
Radiology
Lung biopsy
Therapy
Prognosis
Aspergillus in asthma and cystic fibrosis - Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Treatment
Prophylaxis aspergillosis (in LT patients)
Treatment
Tracheobronchitis
Aspergillus infection in patients with COPD
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Combined antifungal treatment
Surgery
Immunotherapy and adjunctive drug treatment
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 5 FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction
CNS fungal infections in hematological malignancies
CNS fungal infections in transplant patients
CNS Fungal infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients
Specific Fungal Infections Aspergillosis
ZygomycosislMucormycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Penicillinoses
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 6 OTOMYCOSIS IN TURKEY: A REVIEW
Introduction
Risk factors for otomycosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Fungi causing otomycosis
Treatment
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER-7 CURRENT TRENDS IN FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS
Introduction
Classification and clinical definition of rhinosinusitis
Classification and forms of fungal rhinosinusitis
Acute invasivefungal rhinosinusitis
Chronic invasivefungal rhinosinusitis
Granulomatous invasive rhinosinusitis
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Fungal balls
Saprophytic fungal infestation
Clinical presentation
Physical examination
Imaging
Histopathological diagnosis
Prevention
Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Clinical presentation
Imaging
Pathogens
Pathology
Treatment
Fungal balls of the paranasal sinuses
Aetiology
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Clinical presentation
Diagnostic development
Histopathology
Mycological examination
Treatment
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis/eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis
Classic AFRS
History and Physical Findings
Radiological Findings
Immunological testing
Histological Characteristics ofAllergic Mucin
Fungal cultures
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
NON-IGE-MEDIATED EOSINOPHILIC FUNGAL INFLAMMATION (EOSINOPHILIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS)
Presence of Fungi
Presence ofEosinophilic (Allergic) Mucus
RECENT CONCEPTS IN ALLERGIC FUNGAL SINUSITIS
Fungal culture in chronic rhinosinusitis
The immune response to fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis
Relation of fungi to the clinical aspects of chronicr hinosinusitis
Treatment
Surgical treatment
Corticosteroids
Antifungal drugs
Specific immunotherapy
Other methods for assisting treatment
Follow up
Prognosis
References
CHAPTER - 8 BIODIVERSITY OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI ON SOILS AND SANDS
Introduction
Sand fungi
Current methods for sampling and isolation of fungi
Current methods of identification of fungi
Statistical analyses (diversity and similarity indices)
Molecular approaches
Experimental
Locations
Collection of samples from different substrata (soils and sands)
Recording of physical parameters
Qualitative assessing of soil microorganisms (Cholodny-Rossi method)
Isolation and culture techniques for filamentous fungi
Soilfungi
Sandfungi
Identification of filamentous fungi
Results and discussion Physical parameters
Frequency of occurrence of fungi for soils and sands
Soil fungi
Sand fungi
Conclusions and future perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 9 ROLE OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN GROWTH PROMOTION OF CROP PLANTS
Introduction
Abundance and distribution
Symbiosis establishment
Plant-host specificity
Mycorrhizal dependence of plants
Mycorrhization in micropropagation
Beneficial effects of AM Role in phosphorus uptake
Role in micronutrient uptake
Role in nitrogen fixation
Role in carbon assimilation
Role in water uptake
Role as bio-control agent
Herbivory
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and phytohormones
Role in Agroecosystem
Role in soil aggregation
Role in bioremediation
Soil degradation and soil-erosion
Arbuscular mycorrhizae and abiotic stress
Water stress
Salt stress
Heavy metal stress
Effect of xenobiotics/pesticides on AMF
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 10 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS: POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS
Introduction
Occurrence
Ectomycorrhizae: Characterization and identification
Physiology and Biochemistry
In vitro synthesis
Nutrient uptake
Inoculum and inoculation
Climatic factors
Ectomycorrhizae : growth and development of forest seedlings
Ectomycorrhizae in nursery
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 11 HIGHER BASIDIOMYCETES MUSHROOMS AS A SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Introduction
Mushrooms bioactive compounds
Antioxidants and their defense role
Antioxidants from mushroom fruiting bodies
Antioxidants from mushroom submerged cultures
Occurrence of the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity among higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER - 12 THE CONTRIBUTION OF WILD FUNGI TO DIET,INCOME AND HEALTH: A WORLD REVIEW
Trends in consumption of wild fungi around the world
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia and the Pacific
America
The nutritional value of fungi
The contribution of wild fungi to income
The medicinal value of fungi
Concluding remarks
References
CHAPTER - 13 MERCURY IN CERTAIN MUSHROOM SPECIES IN POLAND
Introduction
Soil/substrate Hg content
The mushrooms caps, stipes and the whole fruit bodies Hg content
Cap to stipe Hg concentration quotient (QC/S)
Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF)
Hg intake with mushrooms and possible Hg tolerance limits for mushrooms
References
CHAPTER - 14 ALCOHOL OXIDASE ENZYME OF METHYLOTROPHIC YEASTS AS A BASIS OF BIOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF LOWER ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS
Introduction
Alcohol oxidase properties used for alcohol detection
Immobilization
Biosensors and their practical application Application of alcohol oxidase Enzyme biosensors based on oxygen level registration; optical biosensors; conductometric biosensor; measurement of real samples
Oxygen registration
Optical biosensors
Conductometric biosensor
Measurement ofreal samples
Biosensors based on hydrogen peroxide registration
Mediator biosensors
Application of microbial cells with alcohol-oxidizing activity
Biofuel cells
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 15 CHITIN METABOLISM IN FUNGI
Introduction
Chitin Structure
Chitin synthesis and its regulation
Chitin degradation
Chitinase families
Fungal chitinases
Regulation of fungal chitinase genes
Cloning of fungal chitinase genes
Inhibition of chitin metabolism
Inhibitors of chitin synthase
Inhibitors of chitinase
Outlook
References
CHAPTER - 16 FUNGI-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES: CHARACTERIZATION PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Characterization
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
Fluorescence
Fourier-Transformed-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM)
Photoluminescence
Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by fungi
Verticillium
Phoma
Phaenerochaete chrysosporium
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus flavus
Fusarium species
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium semitectum
Fusarium acuminatum
Fusarium solani
Penicillium sp.
Trichoderma aspere/lum
Coriolusversicolor
Cladosporium c/adosporioides
Multiple applications of metal nanoparticles
Finalremarks
References
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or
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archive password: ebooksclub.org
Progress in Mycology
by
Mahendra Rai, University of Debrecen
book Description
There has been tremendous biotechnological advancement in the field of fungi in the last two decades. The present book is aimed to provide the readers with current trends in the field of Mycology in general and fungal biotechnology in particular. The book would be of utmost importance to students, researchers and teachers of botany, mycology, microbiology, medical microbiology, fungal biotechnology and nanotechnology. The readers should find the book full of information and reader friendly.
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
CHAPTER 1 BETTER YEAST FOR BETTER WINE - GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE WINE STRAINS
Introduction
The ecology and population genetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetic constitution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains
Selection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with desirable characteristics
S. cerevisiae strain modification based on classical methods
Targets for genetic modifications by recombinant DNA technologies
Strategies for genetic modifications
The potential of whole cell engineering approaches
Genomic and proteomic studies of S. cerevisiae under winemaking conditions and their potential for obtaining novel GMY
The future of wines obtained from genetically modified yeast
Legal aspects
Environmental risk assessment
Consumer's perceptions, attitudes and concerns
Future perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 2 GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF ASPERGILLUS FLA VUS
Introduction
Genetics of Aspergillusflavus
Genetic linkage groups
Chromosome karyotypes
Genetics of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes
Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster
Genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Biological regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis
Genomics of Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tags
Whole genome sequencing of Aspergillus flavus
Microarrays as tools for functional genomics studies
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 3 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF ZYGOMYCETES FUNGI
Introduction
Selection methods
Dominant selection methods
Auxotrophic markers
Transformation procedures
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediatedprotoplast transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT)
Other techniques
The fate of the introduced DNA
Autoreplicative plasmids
Integrative systems
Expression of heterologous genes
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER - 4 CURRENT ADVANCES IN ASPERGILLOSIS
Introduction
Epidemiology
Identification of Aspergillus spp, in the laboratory
Risk factors of Aspergillosis
Diagnosis
Laboratory diagnosis
Microscope and Culture
Immunodiagnostic
Other non-culture based techniques
Radiology
Aspergillus spp. infection in LT recipients
Aspergillosis and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Aspergillus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Epidemiology
Clinical features of IPA in COPD
Diagnostic procedures Respiratory samples
Serology
Radiology
Lung biopsy
Therapy
Prognosis
Aspergillus in asthma and cystic fibrosis - Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Treatment
Prophylaxis aspergillosis (in LT patients)
Treatment
Tracheobronchitis
Aspergillus infection in patients with COPD
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Combined antifungal treatment
Surgery
Immunotherapy and adjunctive drug treatment
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 5 FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction
CNS fungal infections in hematological malignancies
CNS fungal infections in transplant patients
CNS Fungal infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients
Specific Fungal Infections Aspergillosis
ZygomycosislMucormycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Penicillinoses
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 6 OTOMYCOSIS IN TURKEY: A REVIEW
Introduction
Risk factors for otomycosis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Fungi causing otomycosis
Treatment
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER-7 CURRENT TRENDS IN FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS
Introduction
Classification and clinical definition of rhinosinusitis
Classification and forms of fungal rhinosinusitis
Acute invasivefungal rhinosinusitis
Chronic invasivefungal rhinosinusitis
Granulomatous invasive rhinosinusitis
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Fungal balls
Saprophytic fungal infestation
Clinical presentation
Physical examination
Imaging
Histopathological diagnosis
Prevention
Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Clinical presentation
Imaging
Pathogens
Pathology
Treatment
Fungal balls of the paranasal sinuses
Aetiology
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Clinical presentation
Diagnostic development
Histopathology
Mycological examination
Treatment
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis/eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis
Classic AFRS
History and Physical Findings
Radiological Findings
Immunological testing
Histological Characteristics ofAllergic Mucin
Fungal cultures
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
NON-IGE-MEDIATED EOSINOPHILIC FUNGAL INFLAMMATION (EOSINOPHILIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS)
Presence of Fungi
Presence ofEosinophilic (Allergic) Mucus
RECENT CONCEPTS IN ALLERGIC FUNGAL SINUSITIS
Fungal culture in chronic rhinosinusitis
The immune response to fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis
Relation of fungi to the clinical aspects of chronicr hinosinusitis
Treatment
Surgical treatment
Corticosteroids
Antifungal drugs
Specific immunotherapy
Other methods for assisting treatment
Follow up
Prognosis
References
CHAPTER - 8 BIODIVERSITY OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI ON SOILS AND SANDS
Introduction
Sand fungi
Current methods for sampling and isolation of fungi
Current methods of identification of fungi
Statistical analyses (diversity and similarity indices)
Molecular approaches
Experimental
Locations
Collection of samples from different substrata (soils and sands)
Recording of physical parameters
Qualitative assessing of soil microorganisms (Cholodny-Rossi method)
Isolation and culture techniques for filamentous fungi
Soilfungi
Sandfungi
Identification of filamentous fungi
Results and discussion Physical parameters
Frequency of occurrence of fungi for soils and sands
Soil fungi
Sand fungi
Conclusions and future perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 9 ROLE OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN GROWTH PROMOTION OF CROP PLANTS
Introduction
Abundance and distribution
Symbiosis establishment
Plant-host specificity
Mycorrhizal dependence of plants
Mycorrhization in micropropagation
Beneficial effects of AM Role in phosphorus uptake
Role in micronutrient uptake
Role in nitrogen fixation
Role in carbon assimilation
Role in water uptake
Role as bio-control agent
Herbivory
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and phytohormones
Role in Agroecosystem
Role in soil aggregation
Role in bioremediation
Soil degradation and soil-erosion
Arbuscular mycorrhizae and abiotic stress
Water stress
Salt stress
Heavy metal stress
Effect of xenobiotics/pesticides on AMF
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
CHAPTER - 10 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS: POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS
Introduction
Occurrence
Ectomycorrhizae: Characterization and identification
Physiology and Biochemistry
In vitro synthesis
Nutrient uptake
Inoculum and inoculation
Climatic factors
Ectomycorrhizae : growth and development of forest seedlings
Ectomycorrhizae in nursery
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 11 HIGHER BASIDIOMYCETES MUSHROOMS AS A SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Introduction
Mushrooms bioactive compounds
Antioxidants and their defense role
Antioxidants from mushroom fruiting bodies
Antioxidants from mushroom submerged cultures
Occurrence of the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity among higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms
Conclusions
References
CHAPTER - 12 THE CONTRIBUTION OF WILD FUNGI TO DIET,INCOME AND HEALTH: A WORLD REVIEW
Trends in consumption of wild fungi around the world
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia and the Pacific
America
The nutritional value of fungi
The contribution of wild fungi to income
The medicinal value of fungi
Concluding remarks
References
CHAPTER - 13 MERCURY IN CERTAIN MUSHROOM SPECIES IN POLAND
Introduction
Soil/substrate Hg content
The mushrooms caps, stipes and the whole fruit bodies Hg content
Cap to stipe Hg concentration quotient (QC/S)
Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF)
Hg intake with mushrooms and possible Hg tolerance limits for mushrooms
References
CHAPTER - 14 ALCOHOL OXIDASE ENZYME OF METHYLOTROPHIC YEASTS AS A BASIS OF BIOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF LOWER ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS
Introduction
Alcohol oxidase properties used for alcohol detection
Immobilization
Biosensors and their practical application Application of alcohol oxidase Enzyme biosensors based on oxygen level registration; optical biosensors; conductometric biosensor; measurement of real samples
Oxygen registration
Optical biosensors
Conductometric biosensor
Measurement ofreal samples
Biosensors based on hydrogen peroxide registration
Mediator biosensors
Application of microbial cells with alcohol-oxidizing activity
Biofuel cells
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER - 15 CHITIN METABOLISM IN FUNGI
Introduction
Chitin Structure
Chitin synthesis and its regulation
Chitin degradation
Chitinase families
Fungal chitinases
Regulation of fungal chitinase genes
Cloning of fungal chitinase genes
Inhibition of chitin metabolism
Inhibitors of chitin synthase
Inhibitors of chitinase
Outlook
References
CHAPTER - 16 FUNGI-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES: CHARACTERIZATION PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Characterization
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
Fluorescence
Fourier-Transformed-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM)
Photoluminescence
Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by fungi
Verticillium
Phoma
Phaenerochaete chrysosporium
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus flavus
Fusarium species
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium semitectum
Fusarium acuminatum
Fusarium solani
Penicillium sp.
Trichoderma aspere/lum
Coriolusversicolor
Cladosporium c/adosporioides
Multiple applications of metal nanoparticles
Finalremarks
References
LinK
http://ifile.it/yqha8d
or
http://megaupload.com/?d=G6VUV61L
archive password: ebooksclub.org
or
http://fileserve.com/file/gUqX3yR
archive password: ebooksclub.org
or
http://www.mediafire.com/?e0cuknnk5aq3uy4
archive password: ebooksclub.org