Polymer Single Crystals
By
Phillip H Geil
Publisher: Wiley
Number Of Pages: 560
Publication Date: 1963
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0470295104
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780470295106
Description: This book is concerned with the detailed structure and properties of the solid state of crystalline polymers. The application of electron microscopy to crystalline polymers has pointed out that a vast amount of detailed morphological information is susceptible to study and description; that which has been reported is the subject of this book. In addition, through the joint application of microscopy and such other techniques as detailed studies of mechanical, dielectric, and nuclear relaxations and x-ray diffraction, the initial steps toward the description of polymers on a molecular scale are occurring–descriptions in terms of features such as twinning, slip, dislocations, defects, and the like, which are familiar as a result of their use in the solid state physics of atomic solids.
It is hoped that the results presented in this book will not only stimulate further research in the area of morphology but will also serve as a basis to permit the development of the foundations of the solid-state physics of polymers.
I. Introduction
1. Polymer Molecules and Molecular Forces
2. Structure of Polymer Solution and Melt
3. Fringed Micelle Concept of Polymer Morphology
4. X-Ray and Electron Diffraction Applied to Polymers
a. Wide Angle Diffraction
b. Polymer Crystal Structure
c. Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
5. Electron Microscopy
a. Bright Field
b. Dark Field
6. Optical Microscopy
II. Single Crystals from Solution
1. Introduction
2. Polymer Single Crystals
3. Folded Chains
4. Hollow Pyramids
5. Dendritic Growth
6. Twinning
7. Spiral Growths
8. Polymer Crystal Descriptions
III. Hedrites
1. Hedrites Crystallized from Solution
2. Hedrites Crystallized from the Melt
3. Polymer Hedrite Descriptions
IV. Spherulites
1. Introduction
2. Optical and X-Ray Diffraction Observations
3. Electron Microscope and Small Angle X-Ray Diffraction Observations
a. Polyoxymethylene Spherulites
b. Polyethylene Spherulites
4. Crystallization from the Glassy State
5. Further Observations of Polymer Spherulite Structure
V. Annealing
1. Annealing of Polymer Single Crystals
2. Annealing of Hedrites
3. Annealing of Spherulitic Polymer
4. Annealing of Glassy Polymers
5. Effect of Annealing on Melting Point Determinations
VI. Theoretical Calculations of Folding
1. Introduction
2. Kinetic or Nucleation Determined Growth
a. Primary Nucleation
b. Secondary Nucleation
c. Melting Behavior
d. Numerical Values of Parameters and Comparison with Experimental Data
e. Fluctuation Theory
f. Lamellar Twisting
3. Thermodynamic Equilibrium Theory
a. Free Chain
b. Chain in a Lattice
c. Comparison with Experimental Results
4. Other Suggestions Concerning Crystallization Theories
VII. Orientation
1. Wide Angle X-Ray Diffraction
2. Small Angle X-Ray Diffraction
3. Microscopy of Drawn Spherulitic Samples
4. Drawing of Single Crystals
5. Annealing of Drawn Material
6. Rolling
7. Crystallization Imposed Orientation
VIII. As-Polymerized and Amorphous Polymers
1. Morphology of as-Polymerized Polymer
a. Polyethylene
b. Polyoxymethylene
c. Polytetrafluoroethylene
2. Morphology of Amorphous Polymers
IX, Properties and Morphology
1. Diffusion and Solubility
2. Electron Induced Crosslinking
3. Chemical Reactivity
4. Transitions
5. Electronic Properties
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