Practical Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance
Practical Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance
Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance provides a detailed examination of the detection, location and diagnosis of faults in rotating and reciprocating machinery using vibration analysis. The basics and underlying physics of vibration signals are first examined. The acquisition and processing of signals is then reviewed followed by a discussion of machinery fault diagnosis using vibration analysis. Hereafter the important issue of rectifying faults that have been identified using vibration analysis is covered. The book also covers the other techniques of predictive maintenance such as oil and particle analysis, ultrasound and infrared thermography. The latest approaches and equipment used together with the latest techniques in vibration analysis emerging from current research are also highlighted
Table of Contents
01: Predictive Maintenance Techniques: Part 1
Predictive Maintenance Basics
1.1 Maintenance Philosophies
Breakdown or Run to Failure Maintenance
Preventive or Time Based Maintenance
Predictive or Condition Based Maintenance
Pro-Active or Prevention Maintenance
1.2 Evolution of Maintenance Philosophies
1.3 Plant Machinery Classification and Recommended
Maintenance Strategy
1.4 Principles of Predictive Maintenance
1.5 Predictive Maintenance Techniques
1.6 Vibration Analysis - A key Predictive Maintenance Technique
Vibration Analysis (Detection Mode)
Vibration Analysis (Diagnosis Mode)
Vibration analysis - Benefits
02: Predictive Maintenance Techniques: Part 2
Vibration Basics
2.1 Spring-Mass System: Mass, Stiffness, Damping
2.2 System Response
2.3 What is Vibration?
2.4 The Nature of Vibration
Wave Fundamentals
Frequency (Cycle)
Wavelength
Amplitude
Frequency and Time
Phase
Waveforms
2.5 Harmonics
Fourier Analysis
Overall Amplitude
Vibration Terminology
Using Vibration Theory to Machinery Fault Detection
2.6 Limits and Standards of Vibration
ISO 2372
IRD Mechanalysis Vibration Standards
03: Data Acquisition
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Collection of Vibration Signal - Vibration Transducers, Characteristics and Mountings
Velocity Pickup
Theory of Operation
Number of Sensors
Displacement probes - Eddy Current Transducers - Proximity Probes
3.3 Conversion of Vibrations to Electrical Signal
Handheld Vibration Meters and Analysers
Portable Data Collectors / Analysers
Vibration Analysis - Database Management Software
On-line Data Acquisition and Analysis
Knowledge-based Information Systems
Phase Measurement Systems
Torsional Vibrations
3.4 Conclusion
04: Signal Processing, Application & Representation
4.1 The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis
Fourier Transform
Sampling Rate
Analogue to Digital Converters
Windowing
Lines of Resolution, F-Max, Bandwidth
Averaging
Overlap
Display / Storage
4.2 Time Waveform Analysis
Unit of Measurement
Time Period of Sample
Resolution
Averaging
Windows
4.3 Phase Signal Analysis
Tracking Filter
4.4 Special Signal Processes
Synchronous Time Averaging
Orbits
Bode Plot
Polar / Nyquist Plot
Cascade Plot
Full Spectrum
Operational Deflection Shapes Analysis
Enveloping and Demodulation
Cepstrum Analysis
Third Octave Analysis
4.5 Conclusion
05: Machinery Fault Diagnosis using Vibration Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Commonly witnessed Machinery Faults diagnosed by Vibration Analysis
Unbalance
Eccentric Rotor
Bent Shaft
Misalignment
Mechanical Looseness
Resonance
Rotor Rubs
Journal Bearings
Rolling Element Bearings
Gearing Defects
Belt Defects
Electrical Problems
Flow Related Vibrations
Rotor Crack
06: Correcting Faults to check vibrations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Balancing
Balancing Concepts
The Effect of a Trial Weight
Balancing Methods
Influence Coefficients
Principle of One-step Balancing Using Dual Channel Analysers
Use of Balancing Machines versus Field balancing
Balancing machines
6.3 Alignment
Consequences of Misalignment
Factors that Influence Alignment Procedure
Alignment Techniques
Alignment Tolerances
6.4 Resonance Vibration Control with Dynamic Absorbers
Designing a Dynamic Absorber
Applications of a Dynamic Absorber
07: Oil & Particle Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Oil Fundamentals
7.3 Condition-based Maintenance and Oil Analysis
7.4 Setting Up an Oil Analysis Program
Equipment Audit
Lubricant Audit
Monitoring
7.5 Oil Analysis - Sampling Methods
Sampling Port Location
Sampling - Best Tools
Minimizing Sample Contamination
Summarizing Oil Sampling
7.6 Oil Analysis - Lubricant Properties
7.7 Oil Analysis - Contaminants in Lubricants
Contamination from Outside Sources
Different External Contaminants
7.8 Particle Analysis Techniques
Spectrometric Analysis
Infrared Analysis
Wear Particle Analysis / Ferrography
DR Ferrography
XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Spectroscopy
7.9 Alarm Limits for Various Machines
Compressors
Turbines
Hydraulic Systems
Gas Fired Engines
7.10 Conclusion
08: Other Predictive Maintenance Techniques
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ultrasound
Ultrasound Detection Techniques
Isolating Competing Ultrasounds
Ultrasonic Applications
8.3 Infrared Thermography
Applications of IR Thermography
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Practical Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance
Machinery Vibration Analysis and Predictive Maintenance provides a detailed examination of the detection, location and diagnosis of faults in rotating and reciprocating machinery using vibration analysis. The basics and underlying physics of vibration signals are first examined. The acquisition and processing of signals is then reviewed followed by a discussion of machinery fault diagnosis using vibration analysis. Hereafter the important issue of rectifying faults that have been identified using vibration analysis is covered. The book also covers the other techniques of predictive maintenance such as oil and particle analysis, ultrasound and infrared thermography. The latest approaches and equipment used together with the latest techniques in vibration analysis emerging from current research are also highlighted
Table of Contents
01: Predictive Maintenance Techniques: Part 1
Predictive Maintenance Basics
1.1 Maintenance Philosophies
Breakdown or Run to Failure Maintenance
Preventive or Time Based Maintenance
Predictive or Condition Based Maintenance
Pro-Active or Prevention Maintenance
1.2 Evolution of Maintenance Philosophies
1.3 Plant Machinery Classification and Recommended
Maintenance Strategy
1.4 Principles of Predictive Maintenance
1.5 Predictive Maintenance Techniques
1.6 Vibration Analysis - A key Predictive Maintenance Technique
Vibration Analysis (Detection Mode)
Vibration Analysis (Diagnosis Mode)
Vibration analysis - Benefits
02: Predictive Maintenance Techniques: Part 2
Vibration Basics
2.1 Spring-Mass System: Mass, Stiffness, Damping
2.2 System Response
2.3 What is Vibration?
2.4 The Nature of Vibration
Wave Fundamentals
Frequency (Cycle)
Wavelength
Amplitude
Frequency and Time
Phase
Waveforms
2.5 Harmonics
Fourier Analysis
Overall Amplitude
Vibration Terminology
Using Vibration Theory to Machinery Fault Detection
2.6 Limits and Standards of Vibration
ISO 2372
IRD Mechanalysis Vibration Standards
03: Data Acquisition
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Collection of Vibration Signal - Vibration Transducers, Characteristics and Mountings
Velocity Pickup
Theory of Operation
Number of Sensors
Displacement probes - Eddy Current Transducers - Proximity Probes
3.3 Conversion of Vibrations to Electrical Signal
Handheld Vibration Meters and Analysers
Portable Data Collectors / Analysers
Vibration Analysis - Database Management Software
On-line Data Acquisition and Analysis
Knowledge-based Information Systems
Phase Measurement Systems
Torsional Vibrations
3.4 Conclusion
04: Signal Processing, Application & Representation
4.1 The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis
Fourier Transform
Sampling Rate
Analogue to Digital Converters
Windowing
Lines of Resolution, F-Max, Bandwidth
Averaging
Overlap
Display / Storage
4.2 Time Waveform Analysis
Unit of Measurement
Time Period of Sample
Resolution
Averaging
Windows
4.3 Phase Signal Analysis
Tracking Filter
4.4 Special Signal Processes
Synchronous Time Averaging
Orbits
Bode Plot
Polar / Nyquist Plot
Cascade Plot
Full Spectrum
Operational Deflection Shapes Analysis
Enveloping and Demodulation
Cepstrum Analysis
Third Octave Analysis
4.5 Conclusion
05: Machinery Fault Diagnosis using Vibration Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Commonly witnessed Machinery Faults diagnosed by Vibration Analysis
Unbalance
Eccentric Rotor
Bent Shaft
Misalignment
Mechanical Looseness
Resonance
Rotor Rubs
Journal Bearings
Rolling Element Bearings
Gearing Defects
Belt Defects
Electrical Problems
Flow Related Vibrations
Rotor Crack
06: Correcting Faults to check vibrations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Balancing
Balancing Concepts
The Effect of a Trial Weight
Balancing Methods
Influence Coefficients
Principle of One-step Balancing Using Dual Channel Analysers
Use of Balancing Machines versus Field balancing
Balancing machines
6.3 Alignment
Consequences of Misalignment
Factors that Influence Alignment Procedure
Alignment Techniques
Alignment Tolerances
6.4 Resonance Vibration Control with Dynamic Absorbers
Designing a Dynamic Absorber
Applications of a Dynamic Absorber
07: Oil & Particle Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Oil Fundamentals
7.3 Condition-based Maintenance and Oil Analysis
7.4 Setting Up an Oil Analysis Program
Equipment Audit
Lubricant Audit
Monitoring
7.5 Oil Analysis - Sampling Methods
Sampling Port Location
Sampling - Best Tools
Minimizing Sample Contamination
Summarizing Oil Sampling
7.6 Oil Analysis - Lubricant Properties
7.7 Oil Analysis - Contaminants in Lubricants
Contamination from Outside Sources
Different External Contaminants
7.8 Particle Analysis Techniques
Spectrometric Analysis
Infrared Analysis
Wear Particle Analysis / Ferrography
DR Ferrography
XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Spectroscopy
7.9 Alarm Limits for Various Machines
Compressors
Turbines
Hydraulic Systems
Gas Fired Engines
7.10 Conclusion
08: Other Predictive Maintenance Techniques
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ultrasound
Ultrasound Detection Techniques
Isolating Competing Ultrasounds
Ultrasonic Applications
8.3 Infrared Thermography
Applications of IR Thermography
links
http://rapidshare.com/files/141569900/0750662751.rar
or
http://ifile.it/jvgpzu/0750662751.rar
or
http://rapidshare.com/files/9824502...ation_Analysis_and_Predictive_Maintenance.pdf