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Optimization of the coupling of nuclear reactors and desalination systems
Publisher
International Atomic Energy Agency
ISBN-10: 920102505X
ISBN-13: 978-9201025050
Product Dimensions: 11.3 x 8.1 x 0.9 inches
Vienna, Austria -June 2005
CONTENTS
Publisher
International Atomic Energy Agency
ISBN-10: 920102505X
ISBN-13: 978-9201025050
Product Dimensions: 11.3 x 8.1 x 0.9 inches
Vienna, Austria -June 2005
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ..………………...……………………………………………….1
1.2.Objectives................................................................................................ 4 1.3. Subjects for optimization and investigation...……………….…………….5
1.4. Collaboration among participating institutes ......................................... 10
References to Chapter 1............................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2.
NUCLEAR DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES ......................................... 12
2.1. Nuclear reactors ................................................................................. 12
2.1.1. Power reactors ................................................................................ 12
2.1.2. Co-generation reactors ..................................................................... 25
2.1.3. Heating reactors................................................................................ 49
2.1.4. Research reactors............................................................................ 59
2.2. Desalination systems............................................................................ 61
2.2.1. Distillation ........................................................................................ 61
2.2.2. Reverse Osmosis (RO) .................................................................... 78
2.2.3. Hybrid systems.................................................................................. 82
References to Chapter 2............................................................................. 84
CHAPTER 3.
COUPLING OF DESALINATION AND NUCLEAR .................................... 87
3.1. Coupling desalination plants to power reactors .................................. 87
3.1.1 Coupling of RO and CANDU-6........................................................... 89
3.1.2 Coupling of Hybrid MSF-RO and PHWR-220.................................... 89
3.2. Coupling Desalination plants to cogeneration reactors………............. 91
3.2.1. Coupling of desalination processes and CAREM-D.......................... 91
3.2.2. Coupling of desalination processes and KLT-40C ........................... 96
3.2.3. Coupling of HTME and NIKA-70 ..................................................... 104
3.2.4. Coupling of HTME and SMART....................................................... 105
3.3. Coupling desalination plants to heating reactors ............. .................. 106
3.3.1. Coupling of desalination processes and NHR-200 ............ ............. 107
3.3.2. Coupling of HTME and RUTA reactor..................................... ......... 110
3.4. Coupling desalination plants to research reactors...................... ........ 114
References to Chapter 3........................... ............................................. 117
CHAPTER 4
. ANALYTICAL EVALUATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATIO......... 119
4.1. Analytical evaluations............................................................................119
4.1.1. Safety assessment............................................................................ 119
4.1.2. Performance analyses...................................................................... 128
4.1.3. Economic assessment...................................................................... 133
4.2. Experimental validation ....................................................................... 148
4.2.1. Experimental validation of RO preheating effects............................. 148
4.2.2. Experimental validation of thermal systems ..................................... 161
1.1. Background ..………………...……………………………………………….1
1.2.Objectives................................................................................................ 4 1.3. Subjects for optimization and investigation...……………….…………….5
1.4. Collaboration among participating institutes ......................................... 10
References to Chapter 1............................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2.
NUCLEAR DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES ......................................... 12
2.1. Nuclear reactors ................................................................................. 12
2.1.1. Power reactors ................................................................................ 12
2.1.2. Co-generation reactors ..................................................................... 25
2.1.3. Heating reactors................................................................................ 49
2.1.4. Research reactors............................................................................ 59
2.2. Desalination systems............................................................................ 61
2.2.1. Distillation ........................................................................................ 61
2.2.2. Reverse Osmosis (RO) .................................................................... 78
2.2.3. Hybrid systems.................................................................................. 82
References to Chapter 2............................................................................. 84
CHAPTER 3.
COUPLING OF DESALINATION AND NUCLEAR .................................... 87
3.1. Coupling desalination plants to power reactors .................................. 87
3.1.1 Coupling of RO and CANDU-6........................................................... 89
3.1.2 Coupling of Hybrid MSF-RO and PHWR-220.................................... 89
3.2. Coupling Desalination plants to cogeneration reactors………............. 91
3.2.1. Coupling of desalination processes and CAREM-D.......................... 91
3.2.2. Coupling of desalination processes and KLT-40C ........................... 96
3.2.3. Coupling of HTME and NIKA-70 ..................................................... 104
3.2.4. Coupling of HTME and SMART....................................................... 105
3.3. Coupling desalination plants to heating reactors ............. .................. 106
3.3.1. Coupling of desalination processes and NHR-200 ............ ............. 107
3.3.2. Coupling of HTME and RUTA reactor..................................... ......... 110
3.4. Coupling desalination plants to research reactors...................... ........ 114
References to Chapter 3........................... ............................................. 117
CHAPTER 4
. ANALYTICAL EVALUATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATIO......... 119
4.1. Analytical evaluations............................................................................119
4.1.1. Safety assessment............................................................................ 119
4.1.2. Performance analyses...................................................................... 128
4.1.3. Economic assessment...................................................................... 133
4.2. Experimental validation ....................................................................... 148
4.2.1. Experimental validation of RO preheating effects............................. 148
4.2.2. Experimental validation of thermal systems ..................................... 161
References to Chapter 4............................................................................. 171
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................... 173
5.1. Main conclusions ................................................................................ 173
5.2. Specific projects’ conclusions.............................................................. 173
5.2.1. Evaluation of nuclear desalination coupled systems,
INVAP, Argentina……………………………………………………………..... 174
5.2.2. Optimized nuclear desalination/co-generation using
reverse osmosis with feed water preheat, CANDESAL, Canada .............. 174
5.2.3. Optimization of system of seawater desalination with
200 MW nuclear heating reactor INET China ............................................. 175
5.2.4. Investigation of feed water preheating effect on
RO performance: NPPA, Egypt .................................................................. 174
5.2.5. Performance improvement of hybrid desalination systems for coupling
to nuclear reactors, BARC, India ............................................................... 175
5.2.6. Optimal coupling of SMART and desalination plant, KAERI,
Republic of Korea ....................................................................................... 176
5.2.7. Optimization of the coupling of nuclear reactors
desalination systems, CNESTEN, Morocco ............................................... 176
5.2.8. Russian small nuclear reactors as energy
sources for nuclear desalination plants: coupling
schemes and economic evaluations, IPPE, Russian Federation................ 177
5.2.9. Optimization of coupling desalination systems
with nuclear reactors, CNSTN, Tunisia ……………………………………….177
ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................... 179
Annex I:
Evaluation of nuclear desalination coupled systems.................................. 183
N.A. Masriera, A.S. Doval
Annex II:
Optimized nuclear desalination/cogeneration
using reverse osmosis with feed water preheat (Canada) .......................... 201
J.R. Humpries
Annex III:
Optimization of system of seawater desalination
with 200 MW nuclear heating reactor (China)............................................. 209
H. Jia
Annex IV:
Investigation of feedwater preheating effect on RO
performance (Egypt)……….. ...................................................................... 237
M.M. Mohamed Megahed
Annex V:
Performance improvement of hybrid desalination systems for coupling of
nuclear reactors and desalination systems (India)....................................... 251
P.K. Tewari
Annex VI:
Coupling of SMART and desalination plant (Republic of Korea)................ 267
5.1. Main conclusions ................................................................................ 173
5.2. Specific projects’ conclusions.............................................................. 173
5.2.1. Evaluation of nuclear desalination coupled systems,
INVAP, Argentina……………………………………………………………..... 174
5.2.2. Optimized nuclear desalination/co-generation using
reverse osmosis with feed water preheat, CANDESAL, Canada .............. 174
5.2.3. Optimization of system of seawater desalination with
200 MW nuclear heating reactor INET China ............................................. 175
5.2.4. Investigation of feed water preheating effect on
RO performance: NPPA, Egypt .................................................................. 174
5.2.5. Performance improvement of hybrid desalination systems for coupling
to nuclear reactors, BARC, India ............................................................... 175
5.2.6. Optimal coupling of SMART and desalination plant, KAERI,
Republic of Korea ....................................................................................... 176
5.2.7. Optimization of the coupling of nuclear reactors
desalination systems, CNESTEN, Morocco ............................................... 176
5.2.8. Russian small nuclear reactors as energy
sources for nuclear desalination plants: coupling
schemes and economic evaluations, IPPE, Russian Federation................ 177
5.2.9. Optimization of coupling desalination systems
with nuclear reactors, CNSTN, Tunisia ……………………………………….177
ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................... 179
Annex I:
Evaluation of nuclear desalination coupled systems.................................. 183
N.A. Masriera, A.S. Doval
Annex II:
Optimized nuclear desalination/cogeneration
using reverse osmosis with feed water preheat (Canada) .......................... 201
J.R. Humpries
Annex III:
Optimization of system of seawater desalination
with 200 MW nuclear heating reactor (China)............................................. 209
H. Jia
Annex IV:
Investigation of feedwater preheating effect on RO
performance (Egypt)……….. ...................................................................... 237
M.M. Mohamed Megahed
Annex V:
Performance improvement of hybrid desalination systems for coupling of
nuclear reactors and desalination systems (India)....................................... 251
P.K. Tewari
Annex VI:
Coupling of SMART and desalination plant (Republic of Korea)................ 267
Y.D. Hwang
Annex VII:
Optimization of the coupling of nuclear reactors and desalination systems in
Morocco (Morocco) .................................................................................... 301
M. Abet
Annex VIII:
Utilization of Russian small-sized nuclear reactors as an energy source for
nuclear desalination complexes: optimisation of coupling design,
performance and economic characteristics (Russian Federation) ............ 303
Yu.D. Baranaev, A.A. Pekanov, D.E. Skripnikov, et al.
Annex IX:
Optimization of coupling desalination systems with
a nuclear reactor (Tunisia)......................................................................... 315
N. Reguigui
Optimization of the coupling of nuclear reactors and desalination systems in
Morocco (Morocco) .................................................................................... 301
M. Abet
Annex VIII:
Utilization of Russian small-sized nuclear reactors as an energy source for
nuclear desalination complexes: optimisation of coupling design,
performance and economic characteristics (Russian Federation) ............ 303
Yu.D. Baranaev, A.A. Pekanov, D.E. Skripnikov, et al.
Annex IX:
Optimization of coupling desalination systems with
a nuclear reactor (Tunisia)......................................................................... 315
N. Reguigui
CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW...................................... 327
