End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States
by Committee on End Points for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste in Russia and the United States (Author), Security, and Cooperation Office for Central Europe and Eurasia Development (Author), National Research Council
Product Details
Paperback: 154 pages Publisher: National Academies Press (May 12, 2003) Language: English ISBN-10: 0309087244 ISBN-13: 978-0309087247 Product Dimensions: 8.8 x 5.8 x 0.5 inches Shipping Weight: 9.6 ounces
Product description
The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in Russia and a scientific/technical assessment of the end points for this material, including options for both interim storage and permanent disposal. The study will
provide a clear description of the current status of efforts to manage the inventories of spent fuel and high-level waste, including a description of waste locations, volumes, and concentrations;
compare the status of efforts to manage this waste with efforts in the United States; and
provide a scientific/technical assessment of end-point options for interim storage or permanent disposal of this waste.
The study was requested and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through its Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management.
Publisher: CRC; 1 edition (June 27, 2001) Language: English ISBN-10: 0849395860 ISBN-13: 978-0849395864 Product Dimensions: 10.3 x 7.4 x 1.8 inches Shipping Weight: 3.7 pounds
Product Description
Many books have been written on hazardous waste and nuclear waste separately, but none have combined the two subjects into one single-volume resource. Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook covers the technologies, characteristics, and regulation of both hazardous chemical wastes and radioactive wastes. It provides an overview of recent waste technologies. A reference for scientists and engineers, the handbook focuses on waste-related thermal and non-thermal technologies, separation techniques, and stabilization technologies. It includes information on the DOE and DOD waste matrix located at various sites. It reveals current R&D activities in each technology and what improvements can be made in the future. A detailed schematic diagram illustrates each technology so that the process can be explicitly understood. In addition, the handbook covers relative life-cycle cost estimates for treatment systems using various technologies. With contributions from an international panel and extensively peer-reviewed, Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook provides the latest information on waste remediation technologies and related regulations. Often in the field you will encounter more than one type of hazardous waste. This handbook gives you the design information you need to decide which technology to use and how to design the equipment for your particular needs. You can then incorporate appropriate technologies into a mixed waste treatment system.
Book Info (CRC Press) A comprehensive volume combining the topics of hazardous waste and nuclear waste into one, covering the technologies, characteristics, and regulation of both types of waste. Provides the latest information on water remediation and cleanup, as well as the current research and development in both fields. DLC: Hazardous wastes--Purification--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes
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Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes by Roger D. Spence, Caijun Shi
By Publisher: CRC Number Of Pages: 392 Publication Date: 2004-12-28 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1566704448 ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781566704441 Binding: Hardcover
Product Description The development of stabilization and solidification techniques in the field of waste treatment reflects the efforts to better protect human health and the environment with modern advances in materials and technology. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes provides comprehensive information including case studies, selection criteria, and regulatory considerations on waste characterization, contaminant transport and leachability, testing methods for stabilized waste forms, and the interactions between contaminants and stabilizing components. The book describes various systems based on cement technology that are used for stabilization and solidification of wastes. It demonstrates how to design a stabilized waste form, including the use of statistical techniques for generating response surface models for large, complicated applications. It provides guidelines for the selection of bonding materials, such as hydraulic cements, polymers, and hydroceramics, and discusses several additives and sorbents used to enhance immobilization, binder properties, and contaminant stabilization. The book portrays the transport mechanisms of contaminants in treated wastes and how to predict the transport of contaminants with various mathematical models. Following a discussion of waste types, principles, and properties of cemented waste forms, such as microstructure and durability, it outlines the test methods used to evaluate them. Fusing research, technology, and general practice principles taken from the firsthand experience of scientists, engineers, regulators, and teachers, Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes can be used in advanced environmental engineering courses and as a reference for stabilization and solidification engineers, technology vendors and buyers, laboratory technicians, scientists, environmentalists, policymakers, and managers in treatment storage and disposal facilities
(hi)(hi)(hi)(hi) :gift::gift: An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation by M. I. Ojovan, W. E. Lee
By Publisher:Elsevier Science Number Of Pages: 250 Publication Date: 2005-11-04 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0080444628 ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780080444628 Binding: Hardcover
Product Description
Safety and environmental impact is of uppermost concern when dealing with the movement and storage of nuclear waste. The 20 chapters in 'An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation' cover all important aspects of immobilisation, from nuclear decay, to regulations, to new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used in transport: cement, bitumen and glass, with the greatest attention being given to glass. The last chapter concentrates on the performance assessment of each matrix, and on new developments of ceramics and glass composite materials, thermochemical methods and in-situ metal matrix immobilisation. The book thoroughly covers all issues surrounding nuclear waste: from where to locate nuclear waste in the environment, through nuclear waste generation and sources, treatment schemes and technologies, immobilisation technologies and waste forms, disposal and long term behaviour. Particular attention is paid to internationally approved and worldwide-applied approaches and technologies. * Each chapter focuses on a different matrix used in nuclear waste immobilisation: Cement, bitumen, glass and new materials. * Keeps the most important issues surrounding nuclear waste - such as treatment schemes and technologies, and disposal - at the forefront Link
Nuclear Wastes: Technologies for Separations and Transmutation
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Nuclear Wastes: Technologies for Separations and Transmutation
By Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems, National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press Number Of Pages: 592 Publication Date: 1996-02-23 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0309052262 ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780309052269 Binding: Hardcover
Book Description Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Nuclear Development Management of Recyclable Fissile and Fertile Materials
(hi)(hi)(hi)(hi) :gift::gift: Nuclear Development Management of Recyclable Fissile and Fertile Materials (Nuclear Development) by nuclear energy agency
Publisher oecd publishing Number Of Pages: 84 Publication Date: 2007-05-10 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 926403255X ISBN-13 / EAN: 9789264032552 Binding: Paperback
BooK Description Interest in nuclear energy continues to grow in many countries as a means to ensure security of energy supply and to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector. In this context, recyclable materials constitute an asset for broadening the resource base for nuclear fuel supply, especially in medium- and long-term perspectives. This report provides an overview of recyclable fissile and fertile materials inventories which can be reused as nuclear fuel. It reviews the options available for managing those materials, through recycling and/or disposal. The potential energetic value of recyclable materials is assessed, taking into account the variability of retrievable energy contents of various materials according to technology and strategy choices made by the owners of the materials. Table of Content : Foreword Executive Summary I. Introduction -Background -Objectives, Scope and Approach -The Study in Perspective -Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Fossil Fuels -Other Relevant Studies -Overview of the Report 2. Inventories, Management Issues and Trends -Sources of Recyclable Materials -Inventory and Energy Content of Recyclable Materials -Recycling and Waste Management -Mangement Opportunities and Challenges -Impact of Fuel Cycle Trends on Recycling Uranium and Plutonium 3. Main Management Options -Introduction -Disposal -Recycling -Concluding Comments 4. Indicators for Assessing Management Options -Background -Security of Supply -Infrastructure and Human Resource Requirements -Social Aspects -Environmental Impacts 5. Finding and Conclusions -Main Findings -Main Conclusions and Recommendations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD........................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Background............................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Objectives, scope and approach............................................................................. 10 1.3 The study in perspective ........................................................................................ 10 1.4 Nuclear fuel cycle and fossil fuels......................................................................... 12 1.5 Other relevant studies ............................................................................................ 14 1.6 Overview of the report........................................................................................... 15 References ....................................................................................................................... 16 Selected IAEA Bibliography........................................................................................... 16 2. INVENTORIES, MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND TRENDS ............................................... 17 2.1 Sources of recyclable materials ............................................................................. 17 2.2 Inventory and energy content of recyclable materials ........................................... 18 2.3 Recycling and waste management ......................................................................... 20 2.4 Management opportunities and challenges............................................................ 21 2.5 Impact of fuel cycle trends on recycling uranium and plutonium ......................... 28 References ....................................................................................................................... 32 3. MAIN MANAGEMENT OPTIONS........................................................................................ 33 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Disposal ................................................................................................................. 33 3.3 Recycling ............................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Concluding comments ........................................................................................... 42 References ....................................................................................................................... 43 4. INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ......................................... 45 4.1 Background............................................................................................................ 45 4.2 Security of supply .................................................................................................. 47 4.3 Infrastructure and human resource requirements................................................... 47 4.4 Social aspects......................................................................................................... 48 4.5 Environmental impacts .......................................................................................... 49 References ....................................................................................................................... 50 5. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................... 51 5.1 Main findings......................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Main conclusions and recommendations............................................................... 52 6 APPENDICES Appendix A List of expert group members................................................................................ 53 Appendix B Inventory of recyclable fissile and fertile materials .............................................. 55 Appendix C Nuclear energy development scenarios ................................................................. 57 Appendix D Recycling plutonium and reprocessed uranium in a PWR: a utility’s experience. 61 Appendix E Environmental and health impacts of nuclear fuel cycle facilities ........................ 67 Appendix F Acronyms............................................................................................................... 81 TABLES Table 1.1 Illustrative characteristics of nuclear and fossil-fuelled power plants................... 12 Table 2.1 Inventory of separated recyclable fissile materials................................................ 19 Table 2.2 [FONT=Times.New.Roman092691]__________ ______ _ __ _________________ as compared with MOX in LWRs 28
Table 3.1 Interim spent fuel storage options used in various countries ................................. 34 Table 3.2 One group neutron cross-section ........................................................................... 37 Table 3.3 D-values for minor actinides in thermal and fast neutron spectra ......................... 38 Table 3.4 Material and service flows per GWe x year for illustrative fuel cycles................. 42 Table 3.5 Main fuel cycle parameters as compared to standard MOX LWR........................ 42 FIGURES Figure 1.1 Total primary energy demand in the world ........................................................... 11 Figure 3.1 Resource utilisation efficiency as a function of conversion ratio.......................... 39 Figure 3.2 Closed fuel cycle ................................................................................................... 40 Figure 3.3 Radiotoxicity of HLW for LWR once-through and FR fuel cycle options ........... 41
