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CMOS Active Inductors and Transformers: Principle, Implementation, and Applications
Author(s): Fei Yuan
Publisher: Springer
Date : June 2008
Pages : 312
Format : Rar'd PDF
OCR : Y
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Language :
ISBN : 038776477
Product Description
Many new topologies and circuit design techniques have emerged recently to improve the performance of active inductors, but a comprehensive treatment of the theory, topology, characteristics, and design constraint of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and a detailed examination of their emerging applications in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications over wire and wireless channels, is not available. This book is an attempt to provide an in-depth examination and a systematic presentation of the operation principles and implementation details of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and a detailed examination of their emerging applications in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications over wire and wireless channels.
The content of the book is drawn from recently published research papers and are not available in a single, cohesive book. Equal emphasis is given to the theory of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and their emerging applications. Major subjects to be covered in the book include: inductive characteristics in high-speed analog signal processing and data communications, spiral inductors and transformers modeling and limitations, a historical perspective of device synthesis, the topology, characterization, and implementation of CMOS active inductors and transformers, and the application of CMOS active inductors and transformers in high-speed analog and digital signal processing and data communications.
Product Details
* Hardcover: 312 pages
* Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (June 13, 2008)
* Language: English
* ISBN-10: 0387764771
* ISBN-13: 978-0387764771
sommaire
Dedication v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments xi
Part I
1. INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 Inductive Characteristics in High-Speed Applications 3
1.1.1 LC Oscillators 4
1.1.2 Bandwidth Improvement 4
1.1.3 Impedance Matching 7
1.1.4 Phase Shifting 9
1.1.5 Frequency Selection 10
1.1.6 Gain Boosting 10
1.1.7 Power Dividers 11
1.2 Spiral Inductors and Transformers 11
1.2.1 Planar Spiral Inductors 12
1.2.2 Stacked Spiral Inductors 12
1.2.3 Spiral Transformers 13
1.2.4 Characteristics of Spiral Inductors and Transformers 14
1.3 Active Inductors and Transformers 17
1.4 Chapter Summary 20
2. CMOS ACTIVE INDUCTORS 21
2.1 Principles of Gyrator-C Active Inductors 21
2.1.1 Lossless Single-Ended Gyrator-C Active Inductors 21
Principle and Implementation ofCMOSActive Inductors&Transformers
xiv
2.1.2 Lossless Floating Gyrator-C Active Inductors 22
2.1.3 Lossy Single-Ended Gyrator-C Active Inductors 25
2.1.4 Lossy Floating Gyrator-C Active Inductors 28
2.2 Characterization of Active Inductors 29
2.2.1 Frequency Range 29
2.2.2 Inductance Tunability 30
2.2.3 Quality Factor 35
2.2.4 Noise 44
2.2.5 Linearity 50
2.2.6 Stability 51
2.2.7 Supply Voltage Sensitivity 52
2.2.8 Parameter Sensitivity 53
2.2.9 Signal Sensitivity 55
2.2.10 Power Consumption 55
2.3 Implementation of Single-Ended Active Inductors 55
2.3.1 Basic Gyrator-C Active Inductors 56
2.3.2 Wu Current-Reuse Active Inductors 60
2.3.3 Lin-Payne Active Inductors 62
2.3.4 Ngow-Thanachayanont Active Inductors 62
2.3.5 Hara Active Inductors 62
2.3.6 Wu Folded Active Inductors 65
2.3.7 Karsilayan-Schaumann Active Inductors 68
2.3.8 Yodprasit-Ngarmnil Active Inductors 72
2.3.9 Uyanik-Tarim Active Inductor 74
2.3.10 Carreto-Castro Active Inductors 75
2.3.11 Thanachayanont-Payne Cascode Active Inductors 77
2.3.12 Weng-Kuo Cascode Active Inductors 82
2.3.13 Manetakis Regulated Cascode Active Inductors 82
2.3.14 Hsiao Feedback Resistance Cascode Active Inductors 84
2.3.15 Abdalla Feedback Resistance Active Inductors 85
2.3.16 Nair Active Inductors 86
2.3.17 Active Inductors with Low Supply-Voltage Sensitivity 87
2.4 Implementation of Differential Active Inductors 89
2.4.1 Lu Floating Active Inductors 89
2.4.2 Gr¨ozing Floating Active Inductors 89
2.4.3 Thanachayanont Floating Active Inductors 90
2.4.4 Mahmoudi-Salama Floating Active Inductors 91
2.4.5 Feedback Resistance Floating Active Inductors 93
CMOS ACTIVE INDUCTORS AND TRANSFORMERS
Contents xv
2.5 Class AB Active Inductors 95
2.6 Chapter Summary 98
3. CMOS ACTIVE TRANSFORMERS 101
3.1 Principles of Gyrator-C Active Transformers 101
3.1.1 Lossless Single-Ended Gyrator-C Active Transformers 102
3.1.2 Lossless Floating Gyrator-C Active Transformers 106
3.1.3 Lossy Single-Ended Gyrator-C Active Transformers 107
3.1.4 Active Transformers With Multiple Windings 112
3.2 Characterization of Active Transformers 116
3.2.1 Stability 117
3.2.2 Frequency Range 117
3.2.3 Tunability of Self and Mutual Inductances 119
3.2.4 Turn ratios 119
3.2.5 Coupling Factors 120
3.2.6 Voltage Transfer Characteristics 120
3.2.7 Current Transfer Characteristics 122
3.2.8 Impedance Transformation 123
3.2.9 Noise 125
3.2.10 Quality Factors 127
3.2.11 Linearity 129
3.2.12 Supply Voltage Sensitivity 129
3.2.13 Parameter Sensitivity 130
3.2.14 Power Consumption 131
3.3 Implementation of Active Transformers 132
3.3.1 Basic Active Transformers 132
3.3.2 Tang Active Transformers 135
3.3.3 Active Transformers With Low VDD Sensitivity 137
3.3.4 Tang Class AB Active Transformers 143
3.4 Chapter summary 145
Part II Applications of CMOS Active Inductors and Transformers
4. RF BANDPASS FILTERS WITH ACTIVE INDUCTORS 149
4.1 Characterization of Bandpass Filters 150
4.1.1 Bandwidth 150
4.1.2 1-dB Compression Points 152
4.1.3 Third-Order Intercept Points 152
4.1.4 Noise Figures 153
xvi
4.1.5 Noise Bandwidth 156
4.1.6 Spurious-Free-Dynamic-Range 158
4.1.7 Frequency Selectivity and Frequency Tuning 158
4.2 Configuration of Bandpass Filters with Active Inductors 159
4.3 CMOS Active Inductor Bandpass Filters 160
4.3.1 Wu Bandpass Filters 160
4.3.2 Thanachayanont Bandpass Filters 162
4.3.3 Xiao-Schaumann Bandpass Filters 163
4.3.4 Thanachayanont-Payne Bandpass Filters 163
4.3.5 Weng-Kuo Bandpass Filters 165
4.3.6 High-Order Active Inductor Bandpass Filters 165
4.4 Chapter Summary 167
5. TRANSCEIVERS WITH ACTIVE INDUCTORS &
TRANSFORMERS 169
5.1 Low-Noise Amplifiers 169
5.2 Optical Front-Ends 171
5.2.1 S¨ackinger-Fischer Limiting Amplifiers 172
5.2.2 Chen-Lu Limiting Amplifiers 173
5.2.3 Wu Limiting Amplifiers 174
5.3 Phase Shifters 175
5.3.1 Lu-Liao Active Inductor Phase Shifter 177
5.3.2 Abdalla Active Inductor Phase Shifter 178
5.4 Transceivers for Wire-line Communications 178
5.4.1 Current-Mode Class A Transmitters 179
5.4.2 Current-Mode Class AB Transmitters 181
5.4.3 Pre-Emphasis and Post-Equalization 183
5.5 Phase Modulators 185
5.6 Chapter summary 187
6. OSCILLATORS WITH ACTIVE INDUCTORS &
TRANSFORMERS 191
6.1 Introduction 191
6.1.1 LC Oscillators 192
6.1.2 Ring Oscillators 193
6.1.3 Phase Noise of Oscillators 195
6.2 Ring Oscillators With Active Inductors 199
6.2.1 Source-Coupled Ring VCOs 200
6.2.2 Cross-Coupled Ring VCOs 202
CMOS ACTIVE INDUCTORS AND TRANSFORMERS
Contents xvii
6.2.3 Park-Kim Ring VCOs 205
6.3 LC Oscillators With Active Inductors 211
6.3.1 LC VCOs with Wu Current-Reuse Active Inductors 214
6.3.2 LC VCOs with Lin-Payne Active Inductors 215
6.3.3 LC VCOs with Gr¨ozing Active Inductors 215
6.3.4 LCVCOswith Karsilayan-Schaunann Active Inductors
216
6.3.5 LC VCOs with Lu Active Inductors 218
6.4 LC VCOs With Active Transformers 219
6.5 Quadrature LC VCOs With Active Inductors 222
6.6 Quadrature LC VCOs with Active Transformers 224
6.7 Performance Comparison of Active LC VCOs 227
6.8 Chapter summary 228
7. CURRENT-MODEPHASE-LOCKEDLOOPSWITHACTIVE
INDUCTORS & TRANSFORMERS 231
7.1 Fundamentals of PLLs 232
7.1.1 Classifications 232
7.1.2 Loop Dynamics of Voltage-Mode PLLs 233
7.1.3 Phase Noise of Voltage-Mode PLLs 238
7.1.4 Simulation of Phase Noise of PLLs 240
7.2 Current-Mode PLLs with Active Inductors 241
7.2.1 Current-Mode Loop Filter with Active Inductors 241
7.2.2 Loop Dynamics of Type I Current-Mode PLLs 244
7.2.3 Loop Dynamics of Type II Current-Mode PLLs 247
7.2.4 Phase Noise of Current-Mode PLLs 251
7.2.5 Design Examples 253
7.3 Current-Mode PLLs with Active Transformers 260
7.3.1 Current-Mode Loop Filters with Active Transformers 261
7.3.2 Loop Dynamics of Current-Mode PLLs 264
7.3.3 Phase Noise of Current-Mode PLLs 268
7.3.4 Design Example 269
7.4 Chapter Summary 271
References 275
Index 287
