Mohammad El-Naggar
Member
كتاب
Groundwater Geochemistry
Groundwater Geochemistry
Broder J. Merkel
Britta Planer-Friedrich
Edited byDarrell Kirk Nordstrom
Britta Planer-Friedrich
Edited byDarrell Kirk Nordstrom
To understand hydrochemistry and to analyze natural as well as man-made
impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the
1960’s and more frequently in recent times.
Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important
tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex
linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown
parameters, is a routine task for a PC.
Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water
analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic
data, such as complex formation constants and solubility products, are often
provided as data sets within the respective programs. However, the description of
surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and
kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data.
Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in
principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surface-controlled or
kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration.
Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are:
impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the
1960’s and more frequently in recent times.
Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important
tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex
linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown
parameters, is a routine task for a PC.
Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water
analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic
data, such as complex formation constants and solubility products, are often
provided as data sets within the respective programs. However, the description of
surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and
kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data.
Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in
principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surface-controlled or
kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration.
Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are: