Handbook of Physics
By Walter Benenson, John W. Harris, Horst Stocker, Holger Lutz
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Number Of Pages: 1248
Publication Date: 2006-01-13
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0387952691
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780387952697
Book Description:
The "Handbook of Physics" is a complete desktop reference for scientists, engineers, and students. A veritable toolbox for everyday use in problem solving, homework, examinations, and practical applications of physics, it provides quick and easy access to a wealth of information including not only the fundamental formulas of physics but also a wide variety of experimental methods used in practice. Compiled by professional scientists, engineers, and lecturers who are experts in the day-to-day use of physics, the "Handbook" covers topics from classical mechanics to elementary particles, electric circuits to error analysis. The previous editions in German are renowned for their clarity and completeness. Each chapter contains: - all the important concepts, formulas, rules and theorems - numerous examples and practical applications - suggestions for problem solving, hints, and cross references - measurement techniques and important sources of errors - numerous tables of standard values and material properties Access to information is direct and swift through the user-friendly layout, structured table of contents, and extensive index. Like the companion "Handbook of Mathematics and Computational Science" compiled by Harris and Stocker, the "Handbook of Physics" is an invaluable tool for college and graduate students and researchers and practitioners in all fields of engineering and natural science.
Table of Contents:
Preface v
Contributors xxiii
Part I Mechanics 1
1 Kinematics 3
1.1 Description of motion 3
1.2 Motion in one dimension 14
1.3 Motion in several dimensions 22
1.4 Rotational motion 31
2 Dynamics 37
2.1 Fundamental laws of dynamics 37
2.2 Forces 53
2.3 Inertial forces in rotating reference systems 59
2.4 Work and energy 63
2.5 Power 70
2.6 Collision processes 72
2.7 Rockets 79
2.8 Systems of point masses 82
2.9 Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s equations 86
3 Rigid bodies 93
3.1 Kinematics 93
3.2 Statics 97
3.3 Dynamics 111
3.4 Moment of inertia and angular momentum 111
3.5 Work, energy and power 118
3.6 Theory of the gyroscope 121
4 Gravitation and the theory of relativity 129
4.1 Gravitational field 129
4.2 Special theory of relativity 137
4.3 General theory of relativity and cosmology 148
5 Mechanics of continuous media 153
5.1 Theory of elasticity 153
5.2 Hydrostatics, aerostatics 171
5.3 Hydrodynamics, aerodynamics 186
6 Nonlinear dynamics, chaos and fractals 211
6.1 Dynamical systems and chaos 212
6.2 Bifurcations 221
6.3 Fractals 225
Formula symbols used in mechanics 229
7 Tables on mechanics 231
7.1 Density 231
7.2 Elastic properties 239
7.3 Dynamical properties 243
Part II Vibrations and Waves 253
8 Vibrations 255
8.1 Free undamped vibrations 257
8.2 Damped vibrations 268
8.3 Forced vibrations 275
8.4 Superposition of vibrations 277
8.5 Coupled vibrations 283
9 Waves 287
9.1 Basic features of waves 287
9.2 Polarization 293
9.3 Interference 294
9.4 Doppler effect 300
9.5 Refraction 302
9.6 Reflection 304
9.7 Dispersion 305
9.8 Diffraction 305
9.9 Modulation of waves 308
9.10 Surface waves and gravity waves 309
10 Acoustics 311
10.1 Sound waves 311
10.2 Sources and receivers of sound 319
10.3 Ultrasound 328
10.4 Physiological acoustics and hearing 329
10.5 Musical acoustics 331
11 Optics 335
11.1 Geometric optics 337
11.2 Lenses 358
11.3 Lens systems 364
11.4 Optical instruments 368
11.5 Wave optics 376
11.6 Photometry 395
Symbols used in formulae on vibrations, waves, acoustics and optics 407
12 Tables on vibrations, waves, acoustics and optics 409
12.1 Tables on vibrations and acoustics 409
12.2 Tables on optics 414
Part III Electricity 419
13 Charges and currents 421
13.1 Electric charge 421
13.2 Electric charge density 424
13.3 Electric current 426
13.4 Electric current density 428
13.5 Electric resistance and conductance 431
14 Electric and magnetic fields 439
14.1 Electric field 439
14.2 Electrostatic induction 440
14.3 Force 445
14.4 Electric voltage 445
14.5 Electric potential 447
14.6 Electric polarization 454
14.7 Capacitance 457
14.8 Energy and energy density of the electric field 460
14.9 Electric field at interfaces 461
14.10 Magnetic field 462
14.11 Magnetism 463
14.12 Magnetic flux density 465
14.13 Magnetic flux 467
14.14 Magnetic field strength 469
14.15 Magnetic potential difference and magnetic circuits 470
14.16 Matter in magnetic fields 478
14.17 Magnetic fields at interfaces 484
14.18 Induction 485
14.19 Self-induction 488
14.20 Mutual induction 492
14.21 Energy and energy density of the magnetic field 494
14.22 Maxwell’s equations 496
15 Applications in electrical engineering 501
15.1 Direct-current circuit 502
15.2 Alternating-current circuit 514
15.3 Electric machines 544
16 Current conduction in liquids, gases and vacuum 551
16.1 Electrolysis 551
16.2 Current conduction in gases 560
16.3 Electron emission 565
16.4 Vacuum tubes 567
17 Plasma physics 573
17.1 Properties of a plasma 573
17.2 Generation of plasmas 586
17.3 Energy production with plasmas 588
Symbols used in formulae on electricity and plasma physics 593
18 Tables on electricity 595
18.1 Metals and alloys 595
18.2 Dielectrics 601
18.3 Practical tables of electric engineering 606
18.4 Magnetic properties 609
18.5 Ferromagnetic properties 614
18.6 Ferrites 619
18.7 Antiferromagnets 619
18.8 Ion mobility 620
Part IV Thermodynamics 621
19 Equilibrium and state variables 623
19.1 Systems, phases and equilibrium 623
19.2 State variables 627
19.3 Thermodynamic potentials 641
19.4 Ideal gas 650
19.5 Kinetic theory of the ideal gas 653
19.6 Equations of state 661
20 Heat, conversion of energy and changes of state 675
20.1 Energy forms 675
20.2 Energy conversion 679
20.3 Heat capacity 684
20.4 Changes of state 691
20.5 Laws of thermodynamics 698
20.6 Carnot cycle 702
20.7 Thermodynamic machines 706
20.8 Gas liquefaction 714
21 Phase transitions, reactions and equalizing of heat 717
21.1 Phase and state of aggregation 717
21.2 Order of phase transitions 720
21.3 Phase transition and Van der Waals gas 724
21.4 Examples of phase transitions 727
21.5 Multicomponent gases 731
21.6 Multiphase systems 734
21.7 Vapor pressure of solutions 736
21.8 Chemical reactions 742
21.9 Equalization of temperature 748
21.10 Heat transfer 750
21.11 Transport of heat and mass 766
Formula symbols used in thermodynamics 771
22 Tables on thermodynamics 775
22.1 Characteristic temperatures 775
22.2 Characteristics of real gases 787
22.3 Thermal properties of substances 788
22.4 Heat transmission 795
22.5 Practical correction data 798
22.6 Generation of liquid low-temperature baths 804
22.7 Dehydrators 805
22.8 Vapor pressure 806
22.9 Specific enthalpies 809
Part V Quantum physics 815
23 Photons, electromagnetic radiation and light quanta 817
23.1 Planck’s radiation law 817
23.2 Photoelectric effect 820
23.3 Compton effect 822
24 Matter waves—wave mechanics of particles 825
24.1 Wave character of particles 825
24.2 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 827
24.3 Wave function and observable 827
24.4 Schrödinger equation 835
24.5 Spin and magnetic moments 844
25 Atomic and molecular physics 851
25.1 Fundamentals of spectroscopy 851
25.2 Hydrogen atom 854
25.3 Stationary states and quantum numbers in the central field 859
25.4 Many-electron atoms 864
25.5 X-rays 868
25.6 Molecular spectra 871
25.7 Atoms in external fields 874
25.8 Periodic Table of elements 877
25.9 Interaction of photons with atoms and molecules 879
26 Elementary particle physics—standard model 883
26.1 Unification of interactions 883
26.2 Leptons, quarks, and vector bosons 891
26.3 Symmetries and conservation laws 900
27 Nuclear physics 907
27.1 Constituents of the atomic nucleus 907
27.2 Basic quantities of the atomic nucleus 910
27.3 Nucleon-nucleon interaction 912
27.4 Nuclear models 915
27.5 Nuclear reactions 922
27.6 Nuclear decay 937
27.7 Nuclear reactor 947
27.8 Nuclear fusion 950
27.9 Interaction of radiation with matter 953
27.10 Dosimetry 958
28 Solid-state physics 967
28.1 Structure of solid bodies 967
28.2 Lattice defects 979
28.3 Mechanical properties of materials 984
28.4 Phonons and lattice vibrations 991
28.5 Electrons in solids 1000
28.6 Semiconductors 1011
28.7 Superconductivity 1042
28.8 Magnetic properties 1049
28.9 Dielectric properties 1055
28.10 Optical properties of crystals 1060
Formula symbols used in quantum physics 1065
29 Tables in quantum physics 1071
29.1 Ionization potentials 1071
29.2 Atomic and ionic radii of elements 1078
29.3 Electron emission 1082
29.4 X-rays 1086
29.5 Nuclear reactions 1087
29.6 Interaction of radiation with matter 1088
29.7 Hall effect 1089
29.8 Superconductors 1091
29.9 Semiconductors 1093
Part VI Appendix 1095
30 Measurements and measurement errors 1097
30.1 Description of measurements 1097
30.2 Error theory and statistics 1100
31 Vector calculus 1115
31.1 Vectors 1115
31.2 Multiplication by a scalar 1116
31.3 Addition and subtraction of vectors 1117
31.4 Multiplication of vectors 1117
32 Differential and integral calculus 1121
32.1 Differential calculus 1121
32.2 Integral calculus 1122
32.3 Derivatives and integrals of elementary functions 1124
33 Tables on the SI 1125
Index 1131
Natural constants in SI units 1183
Thermodynamic formulas 1184
Periodic table 1186
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