ashdom
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Sensory & Motor blocks Assessment
Sensory block
Complete sensory block was considered when there was complete loss of sensation to pin prick.
Sensory block was graded as:
· Grade 0: Sharp pin felt
· Grade 1: Analgesia, dull sensation felt
· Grade 2: Anesthesia, no sensation felt
Motor block
Motor block assessment was done according to modified Bromage scale for upper extremities on a three point scale:
· Grade 0: No block-total arm and forearm flexion (normal motor function with full flexion and extension of elbow, wrist and fingers.) · Grade 1: Partial block,total forearm and partial arm flexion ·Grade 2: Almost complete block,inability to flex the arm and decreased ability to flex the forearm ·Grade 3: Total block,inability to flex both the arm and forearm
The motor block in the lower limbs can be assessed by the modified Bromage scale:
· Grade 0: free movement of legs and feet
· Grade 1: just able to flex knees with free movement of feet
· Grade 2: unable to flex knees but with free movement of feet
· Grade 3: unable to move legs or feet.
The motor block in the upper limbs can be assessed by the epidural scoring scale for arm movements (ESSAM) score:
hand grip (T1/ C8), wrist flexion (C8/C7), and elbow flexion (C6/ C5); four grades (0–3) based on the number of absent movements.
Sensory block
Complete sensory block was considered when there was complete loss of sensation to pin prick.
Sensory block was graded as:
· Grade 0: Sharp pin felt
· Grade 1: Analgesia, dull sensation felt
· Grade 2: Anesthesia, no sensation felt
Motor block
Motor block assessment was done according to modified Bromage scale for upper extremities on a three point scale:
· Grade 0: No block-total arm and forearm flexion (normal motor function with full flexion and extension of elbow, wrist and fingers.) · Grade 1: Partial block,total forearm and partial arm flexion ·Grade 2: Almost complete block,inability to flex the arm and decreased ability to flex the forearm ·Grade 3: Total block,inability to flex both the arm and forearm
The motor block in the lower limbs can be assessed by the modified Bromage scale:
· Grade 0: free movement of legs and feet
· Grade 1: just able to flex knees with free movement of feet
· Grade 2: unable to flex knees but with free movement of feet
· Grade 3: unable to move legs or feet.
The motor block in the upper limbs can be assessed by the epidural scoring scale for arm movements (ESSAM) score:
hand grip (T1/ C8), wrist flexion (C8/C7), and elbow flexion (C6/ C5); four grades (0–3) based on the number of absent movements.