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Optical Design Using Excel: Practical Calculations For Laser Optical Systems
Author(s): Hiroshi Nakajima
Genre:Engineering and Technology
Language:English
Year:2015
E-book Format: PDF
File Size: 4.6 MB
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Description
A practical introductory guide to optical design covering geometrical optics, simple wave-optics and diffraction, using Excel software
- Explains practical calculation methods for designing optical systems with fully worked-out examples and avoiding complex mathematical methods
- Includes practical calculations for ray tracing, laser beam (Gaussian beam) focusing, and diffraction calculations; the ray tracing and the diffraction calculations are done by using the VBA program which Excel provides as a supporting tool
- Describes basic optical theory and application methods, and provides readers with calculation methods for designing laser optical systems with numerous practical calculation examples. After finishing the book, even inexperienced readers should have the ability to design laser optical systems
- Covers large areas of geometrical optics and diffraction theory, providing a good overview and reference for beginners or non-specialist engineers
- Accompanied by a website including password protected electronic files
Table of Contents
Preface iOutline of contents iiChapter 1 - Geometrical optics 11.1 Characteristics of lasers 2
1.2 The three fundamental characteristics of light which form the basis of geometrical optics 3
1.3 Fermat’s principle 4
1.4 Principle of reversibility 7
1.5 Paraxial theory using thin lenses 7
1.6 The five Seidel aberrations 15
1.7 The sine condition 21
1.8 Aplanatic lenses 23
1.9 Reflection and transmission 24
Chapter 2 - Examples of simple optical design using paraxial theory 272.1 Types of lenses 28
2.2 Applied calculations for simple optical systems 35
2.3 Considerations relating to the design of laser optical systems 42
Chapter 3 - Ray tracing applications of paraxial theory 473.1 Deriving the equations for ray tracing using paraxial theory 48
3.2 Problems of ray tracing calculations using paraxial theory 50
Chapter 4 - Two-dimensional ray tracing 534.1 Ray tracing for a spherical surface 54
4.2 Ray tracing for a plane surface 56
4.3 Ray tracing for an aspheric surface (using VBA programming) 57
4.4 Ray tracing for an aberration-free lens 60
4.5 Optical path length calculation for an aberration-free lens 62
4.6 Ray tracing for an optical system which is set at a tilt 65
4.7 How to use the ray trace calculation table 68
4.8 A method for generating a ray trace calculation table using a VBA program 73
4.9 Sample ray tracing problems 76
Chapter 5 - Three-dimensional ray tracing 1015.1 Three-dimensional ray tracing for a spherical surface
5.2 Three-dimensional ray tracing for a cylindrical surface 105
5.3 Simulation for two cylindrical lenses which are fixed longitudinally (or laterally) but allowed to rotate slightly around the optical axis 106
5.4 Three-dimensional ray tracing for a plane surface which is perpendicular to the optical axis 108
5.5 Three-dimensional ray tracing for an aberration-free lens 109
5.6 Three-dimensional ray tracing for a lens which is set at a tilt 115
5.7 How to use the three-dimensional ray trace calculation table 121
5.8 Operating instructions for using the ray trace calculation table, while running the VBA program 125
5.9 Three dimensional ray tracing problems 128
Chapter 6 - Mathematical formulae for describing wave motion 1376.1 Mathematical formulae for describing wave motion 138
6.2 Describing waves with complex exponential functions 142
6.3 Problems relating to wave motion 146
Chapter 7 - Calculations for focusing Gaussian beams 1497.1 What is a Gaussian beam? 150
7.2 Equations for focusing a Gaussian beam 154
7.3 The M2 (M squared) factor 156
7.4 Sample Gaussian beam focusing problems 159
Chapter 8 - Diffraction: theory and calculations 1678.1 The concept of diffraction 168
8.2 Diffraction at a slit aperture 170
8.3 Diffraction calculations using numerical integration 171
8.4 Diffraction at a rectangular aperture 173
8.5 Diffraction at a circular aperture 174
8.6 Diffraction wave generated after the incident wave exits a focusing lens 177
8.7 Diffraction calculation problems 178
Chapter 9 - Calculations for Gaussian beam diffraction 1839.1 The power and the central irradiance of a Gaussian beam 184
9.2 General equations for waves diffracted by an aperture 189
9.3 Diffraction wave equations for a focused beam 191
9.4 Diffraction wave equations for a collimated beam 194
9.5 Diffraction calculation program 197
9.6 Operating instructions for diffraction calculation programs 198
9.7 Gaussian beam diffraction calculation problems 206
Appendix 219Appendix A Paraxial theory: A detailed account 220Appendix B A table of refractive indices for BK7 225Appendix C Equations for plane waves, spherical waves and Gaussian beams 226Appendix D Numerical integration methods 239Appendix E Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction 241Appendix F Wave-front conversion by a lens 245Appendix G List of Excel calculation files on the companion Website 247References 249
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