المصدر: كتاب : "Chemistry in the Laboratory" في منتدى : قسم الكيمياء "Chemistry in the Laboratory" by James M. Postma, Julian L. Roberts, J. Leland Hollenberg| "Chemistry in the Laboratory" by James M. Postma, Julian L. Roberts, J. Leland Hollenberg Seventh Edition W. H. Freeman and Company | 2010 | ISBN: 1429219548 9781429219549 | 614 pages | PDF | 5 MB This edition builds on that legacy while addressing cutting-edge trends in the chemistry laboratory—including forensic chemistry and environmental and green chemistry. The new edition of Chemistry in the Laboratory offers precise, easy-to-follow instructions, helpful illustrations, and an emphasis throughout on laboratory safety. Again, throughout, a Consider This feature encourages users to expand the principles of the experiment into interesting applications, open-ended experiments, or unexplored corners. Most experiments in the manual can be completed in one lab session, but some can be linked or extended for a multi-lab project. CONTENTS Preface FIRST-DAY INSTRUCTIONS EXPERIMENT 1: Scientific Measurements EXPERIMENT 2: Mass and Volume Relationships EXPERIMENT 3: Forensic Chemistry: Crime Scene Investigation EXPERIMENT 4: Observing the Reactions of Household Chemicals: Deductive Chemical Reasoning EXPERIMENT 5: A Cycle of Copper Reactions EXPERIMENT 6: Synthesis of a Chemical Compound: Making Alum from Aluminum EXPERIMENT 7: The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table EXPERIMENT 8: Determination of a Chemical Formula: The Reaction of Iodine with Zinc EXPERIMENT 9: Determination of a Chemical Formula by Titration: The Reaction of Calcium with Water STUDY ASSIGNMENT A: The Language of Chemistry: Chemical Nomenclature EXPERIMENT 10: The Estimation of Avogadro's Number EXPERIMENT 11: The Molar Volume of Dioxygen and Other Gases EXPERIMENT 12: The Molar Mass of a Gas: A Reduced Scale Method EXPERIMENT 13: The Reactivity of Metals with Hydrochloric Acid EXPERIMENT 14: The Heat Capacity of Metals EXPERIMENT 15: Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions: Hess's Law EXPERIMENT 16: The Enthalpy of Combustion of a Vegetable Oil EXPERIMENT 17: Emission Spectra and the Electronic Structure of Atoms: The Hydrogen Atom Spectrum EXPERIMENT 18: Ionic and Covalent Bonding: Conductivity of Solutions of Ionic and Covalent Compounds STUDY ASSIGNMENT B: Writing Lewis Structures EXPERIMENT 19: Models of Molecular Shapes: VSEPR Theory and Orbital Hybridization EXPERIMENT 20: Intermolecular Forces: Slime Gel: Making and Killing Slime EXPERIMENT 21: Liquids and Solids: The Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Water: The Enthalpy of Fusion of Water EXPERIMENT 22: Colligative Properties: The Molar Mass of a Soluble Substance by Freezing-Point Depression EXPERIMENT 23: Some Examples of Chemical Equilibria: Le Chatelier's Principle EXPERIMENT 24: Determination of an Equilibrium Constant by Spectrophotometry: The lron(lll)-Thiocyanate Complex Ion EXPERIMENT 25: Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions EXPERIMENT 26: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction: Chemical Kinetics EXPERIMENT 27: The pH Scale and Acid-Base Titrations: Standardization of NaOH Solution: The Titration of Vinegar and Stomach Antacids EXPERIMENT 28: Determination of the Molar Mass and Ionization Constant of a Weak Acid EXPERIMENT 29: What's in Your Drinking Water? Comparing Tap Water and Bottled Water EXPERIMENT 30: The Solubility Product Constant of Calcium lodate. Ca(l03)2 EXPERIMENT 31: Identification of the Alkaline Earth and Alkali Metal Ions: Analysis of Cations in Seawater EXPERIMENT 32: The Qualitative Analysis of Some Common Anions: Analysis of Anions in Seawater EXPERIMENT 33: An Introduction to Green Chemistry: Making Biodiesel and Soap from Vegetable Oils and Fats EXPERIMENT 34: Oxidation-Reduction: Electron Transfer Reactions EXPERIMENT 35: Redox Titrations: The Oxidizing Capacity of a Household: Cleanser or Liquid Bleach EXPERIMENT 36: Electrochemical Cells EXPERIMENT 37: Electrochemical Puzzles: Metal Corrosion and Anodic Protection: The Golden Penny Experiment EXPERIMENT 38: The Chemistry of Some Nonmetals EXPERIMENT 39: Equilibria of Coordination Compounds EXPERIMENT 40: Atmospheric Chemistry of Nitrogen Monoxide: Smog and Acid Rain EXPERIMENT 41: Ozone and the Atmosphere: A Web-Based Activity EXPERIMENT 42: Ultraviolet Light, Sunscreens, and DNA EXPERIMENT 43: Natural Radioactivity: The Half-Life of Potassium-40 in Potassium Chloride APPENDIX: Tables of Data TABLE 1: The International System (SI) of Units and Conversion Factors TABLE 2: Fundamental Physical and Mathematical Constants TABLE 3: Vapor Pressure of Water at Different Temperatures TABLE 4: Concentration of Desk Acid and Base Solutions TABLE 5: Color Changes and pH Intervals of Some Important Indicators TABLE 6: Equilibrium Constants for the Ionization of Acids and Bases (25 °C) TABLE 7: Equilibrium Constants for the Dissociation of Complex Ions, Amphoteric Hydroxides,and Weak Salts (25 °C)a TABLE 8: Solubility of Some Common Salts and Hydroxides at Approximately 25 °C TABLE 9: Solubility Product Constants (18-25 °C) TABLE 10: Standard Reduction Potentials (25 °C) TABLE 11: International Atomic Masses (based on C12 = 12 exactly) TABLE 12: Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry with TOC BookMarkLinks هذا المحتوى يظهر للاعضاء المسجلين فقط: هذا المحتوى يظهر للاعضاء المسجلين فقط:
