المصدر: Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science في منتدى : قسم الكيمياء بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science (Scientific Tools for Conservation Series) By Michele R. Derrick, Dusan C. Stulik, James M. Landry Publisher Getty Publications Number Of Pages: 248 Publication Date: 2000-03-16 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0892364696 ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780892364695 Product Description This book provides practical information on the use of infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of materials found in cultural objects. Designed for scientists and students in the fields of archaeology, art conservation, microscopy, forensics, chemistry, and optics, the book discusses techniques for examining the microscopic amounts of complex, aged components in objects such as paintings, sculptures, and archaeological fragments. Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: History of Infrared Spectroscopy Additional Reading Chapter 2: Infrared Absorption Theory Electromagnetic Radiation Absorption Theory Infrared Spectra Infrared Regions Near-infrared region Mid-infrared region Far-infrared region Summary Additional Reading Chapter 3: Sample Collection and Preparation Sampling Methodology Sampling Implementation Tools Sample documentation and storage Avoidance of contamination Sample Collection and Preparation Procedures Gases Liquids Sampling with swabs Solids, powders, and particles Mixture separation by solvent extractions Mixture separation by pyrolysis Fibers Cross sections Embedding media and procedures Microtoming procedures Summary Additional Reading Chapter 4: Infrared Analysis Methods Infrared Transmission Measurements Infrared window materials Transmission analysis of gases Transmission analysis of liquids Transmission analysis of solids Pellets and micropellets Unsupported films Films on diamond cells Fiber Infrared Reflection Measurements Specular reflection Reflection-absorption Diffuse reflection Internal reflection Infrared Microspectroscopy Microspectrophotometer design Microspectrophotometer capabilities Particle and fiber analysis Cross section analysis Mapping studies Microspectrophotometer accessories Summary Additional Reading Chapter 5: Spectral Interpretation Infrared Spectra Absorption bands Band frequency Band shape Band intensity Instrument configuration Qualitative Analysis Spectral quality Visual comparison Computer libraries Spectral region examination Spectra-structure correlations Correlation charts Identification of Materials Used in Art and Art Conservation Natural organic materials Flowchart for natural organic materials Waxes Oils Resins (tree) Resins (insect) Gums Synthetic resins (polymers) Flowchart for synthetic resins Characterization process for polymers Colorants Characterization process for pigments Infrared spectral characterization of pigments Mixtures Quantitative Analysis Mathematical Manipulations of Spectra Subtraction techniques Resolution enhancement methods Summary Additional Reading Chapter 6: Case Studies Identification and Characterization of Materials Deterioration Studies The Case Studies Case Study 1: Ultramarine Pigments Background Analysis question Method Analysis Results Resolution Case Study 2: Creosote Lac Resin Case Study 3: Chumash Indian Paints Case Study 4: Varnish on a Desk Case Study 5: Reflection versus Transmission Case Study 6: Painting Cross Sections Case Study 7: Vikane Case Study 8: Parylene Case Study 9: Cellulose Nitrate Sculptures Case Study 10: Dead Sea Scrolls Summary Appendix I: Selected Infrared Spectra Collections andDigitized Libraries Appendix II: Infrared Reference Spectra Gum Arabic Gum Tragacanth Rice Starch Honey, Clover Hide Glue Isinglass Gelatin Casein Egg Yolk, Hen Microcrystalline Wax Beeswax, Crude Carnauba Wax Linseed Stand Oil Poppyseed Oil Walnut Oil Rosin Pine Resin Copal, Manila Dammar Resin Elemi Resin Mastic Sandarac Shellac Cellulose Nitrate Acryloid Polyester Poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAC) BEVA Polycyclohexanone Polyamide Chalk: Gypsum: Plaster: Silica : Barium Sulfate : Phthalocyanine Blue Malachite: Madder Dragon's Blood Glossary Suppliers References Index About the Authors LinK
