Biophysical Chemistry covers the physical chemistry of biological macromolecules and the experimental techniques used to study them. Topics covered include: an introduction to biological molecules; spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and hydrodynamics of macromolecules; a "bluffer's guide" to molecular thermodynamics; biomolecular kinetics; chromatography and electrophoresis; and single-molecule methods. The easily digestible, pragmatic approach captures the reader with the fascinating challenges the subject poses for theoretical and experimental scientists. This book will be ideal for early undergraduates studying chemical or physical sciences and will act as a basis for more advanced study. Students in other areas of biological sciences will appreciate the less intimidating approach to physical chemistry as demonstrated here. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.
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كتاب Main Group Chemistry William Henderson
"Main Group Chemistry" covers the chemistry of the s- and p-block elements, together with a brief chapter on the chemistry of zinc, cadmium and mercury, often classified as main group elements rather than as transition elements. The Periodic Table is an important predictive tool in main group chemistry and in this book forms the basis for describing the trends and variations in the chemistry of the elements. Introductory material covers the basic principles behind the Periodic Table, bonding, electronegativity and VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory. The chemistry of various groups of elements is then discussed. The book incorporates a valuable chapter on inorganic polymers, discussing the chemistry of materials such as silicates, silicones, phosphazenes and diamond.
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==================== كتاب Functional Group Chemistry J. R. Hanson 2001
This work presents the chemistry of functional groups with an emphasis on patterns of reactivity, the consequences of the relative electronegativity of the atoms that constitute the functional groups, the role or lone pairs and the stereochemistry of reactions at a particular group. The material is presented in four sections. The first section considers functional groups involving C-X bonds such as alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers and amines. The second section considers unsymmetrical p=bonded C=X functional groups, typically the carbonyl group and the influence of these groups on adjacent centres. The third section covers symmetrical p-bonded functional groups including alkenes, alkynes and arenes and the consequences of the factors that perturb the symmetry, such as on the orientation of aromatic substitution. The final section concentrates on interconversions like oxidation and reduction, and the protection of functional groups to achieve selectivity. The chemistry of the functional groups is considered here with mechanistic rationale. Students will be encouraged to consider reactions in terms of regions of electron deficiency and excess, and hence identify the sites at which electrophiles and nucleophiles might react.
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==================== كتاب D-And F-Block Chemistry
C. Jones 2002
With an emphasis on co-ordination chemistry, this book aims to provide an introduction to the principles underlying the chemistry of the d- and f- block metals. It describes the origins, uses and importance of these elements before covering their chemical properties. The book presents an overview of topics related to its structure, bonding, thermodynamics, and spectra, which underpin studies of the chemistry of these elements. Examples are drawn from different parts of the d- or f-blocks to illustratie particular points and study questions allow students to practice the application of the principles which they have leared. The test assumes a basic knowledge of symmetry, the Russell-Saunders coupling scheme and the meaning of terms such as ionization energy, electron affinity, electrode potential, ionic radius and equilibrium constant. A familiarity with the qualitative use of the molecular orbital approach to bonding is also assumed, although an understanding of group theory is not required. The material is aimed at first and second year undergraduates, providing a basis for more advanced studies of the reactions, electronic structures, spectra and magnetism of transition metal complexes.
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==================== كتاب Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics M. Seddon, Julian D. Gale 2001
"Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics" provides undergraduate chemistry students with grounding in both classical and statistical thermodynamics. Thermodynamic quantities and relationships are introduced and developed in a coherent way, enabling students to apply thermodynamic analysis to chemical problems with confidence. Each stage in the development is well illustrated with examples. The text aims to help students understand energy and its different forms and transformations. The text also discusses the key role of entropy, as applied to chemical systems, addressing questions such as: how much work is performed, and how much heat transfer occurs, during chemical processes and reactions, and how do they depend on temperature?; how is it possible for endothermic processes to occur spontaneously, and will a given reaction occur spontaneously?; what determines the equilibrium between phases?; how do temperature and pressure affect equilibrium?; what is the meaning of entropy?; how are macroscopic thermodynamic properties related to microscopic energy levels?; For the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, "Tutorial Chemistry Texts" is a major new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples
This book deals with the fundamental chemistry of fully saturated and unsaturated 4–, 5– and 6–membered heterocycles. The principle focus is those compounds containing a single nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom and by restricting discussion to these, a balanced treatment is possible. The book introduces a selection of important heterocyclic compounds and the vital role that they play in life, medicine and industry. Conformational aspects of heterocyclic chemistry, aromatic stabilization, nomenclature, reaction mechanisms and methods of synthesis are also discussed.
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كتاب Reactions and Characterization of Solids Sandra E. Dann
2002
The last 20 years of the 20th century have seen a change in the perception of solid state chemistry, in particular the scientific significance of understanding the relationship between chemical structure and physical properties. As such, it now forms an important part of both mainstream chemistry and material science degrees. This book is designed as an introductory text with plenty of illustrative examples to reinforce the essentials of the topic. In the first few chapters, the fundamental principles of elementary crystal chemistry are introduced, together with the principles of both preparing and characterizing materials in the solid state. Some elementary thermodynamics are also included at this stage to introduce the idea of bond strength as a method of determining and predicting compound stability. General physical properties such as electronic and magnetic behaviours are discussed, together with specific topics relating to solid state materials such as non-stoichiometry. Furthermore, severl solid state materials are described in details, relating the fundamental properties and structural behaviour covered throughout the book to real systems and working materials
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كتاب Quantum Mechanics for Chemists David O. Hayward, David Haywood 2002
Designed to provide chemistry undergraduates with a basic understanding of the principles of quantum mechanics, this text assumes some knowledge of chemical bonding and a familiarity with the qualitative aspects of molecular orbitals in molecules such as butadiene and benzene. Thus it is intended to follow a basic course in organic and/or inorganic chemistry. The approach is rather different from that adopted in most books on quantum chemistry in that the Schrodinger wave equation is introduced at a fairly late stage, after students have become familiar with the application of de Broglie-type wavefunctions to free particles and particles in a box. Likewise, the Hamiltonian operator and the concept of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are not introduced until the last two chapters of the book, where approximate solutions to the wave equation for many-electron atoms and molecules are discussed. In this way, students receive a gradual introduction to the basic concepts of quantum mechanics.
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كتاب Inorganic Chemistry in Aqueous Solution Jack Barrett
2003
Inorganic Chemistry in Aqueous Solution reviews the chemistry of the elements in all their oxidation states in an aqueous environment. The nature of ions in solution is described in some detail and enthalpies and entropies of hydration of many ions are defined and recalculated from the best data available. These values are used to provide an understanding of the periodicities of standard reduction potentials. Standard reduction potential data for all of the elements, group-by-group, covering the s and p, d and f blocks of the Periodic Table is also included. Major sections are devoted to the acid/base behaviour and the solubilities of inorganic compounds in water. Inorganic Chemistry in Aqueous Solution is aimed at undergraduate chemistry students but will also be welcomed by geologists interested in this field. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.
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كتاب Peptides and Proteins Shawn Doonan 2002
Encompassing all aspects of the structures of peptides and proteins, this book adopts a problem-oriented approach to the topic. Starting with a look at the structures and properties of the 20 amino acids that occur in proteins, and moving on to the synthesis of polypeptides and the isolation of proteins, this volume then addresses the methods of analysis of protein characteristics, including the modern methods of sequence analysis by mass spectrometry. Further chapters examine the three-dimensional nature of protein structure, and introduce the student to the use of computer applications (molecular graphics, databases, bioinformatics) in protein chemistry. Original research data is used in many of the problems, and throughout sufficient background biology is included, thus putting the subject into context for chemists. Aimed at first and second-year chemistry students, this title should also be of interest to students of biochemistry and provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.
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كتاب Mechanisms in Organic Reactions
Richard A. Jackson 2004
Stereochemistry is defined as the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Stereochemical considerations are important in both isomerism and studies of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Implicit in a mechanism is the stereochemistry of the reaction: in other words, the relative three-dimensional orientation of the reacting particles at any time in the reaction. Concentrating on organic chemistry, early chapters deal mainly with definitions of terms such as chirality, enantiomers, diastereoisomers and racemisation, complete with suitable examples to illustrate key concepts. Use of a polarimeter and associated definitions are described, together with two different conventions D, L and R, S for specification of configuration. Chirality without a stereogenic centre, in molecules such as allenes for example, is also covered. The distinction between conformation and configuration is developed to include assignment of configurations to di-substituted cyclohexanes and to the decalins. The conventions E, Z and Re, Si are introduced for sp2 hybridised carbons as found in alkenes and carbonyl compounds. These aspects of stereochemistry are further explored through consideration of reactions such as SN2, elimination and addition reactions, ester hydrolyses, electrocyclic reactions and Diels-Alder cycloadditions
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كتاب Natural Products: the Secondary Metabolites J.R. Hanson 2003 Natural products are compounds that are produced by living systems and the secondary metabolites are those which give particular species their characteristic features. These natural products include polyketides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and antibiotics. The study of these natural products has played a major part in the development of organic and medicinal chemistry and we are now starting to understand the important ecological role that these compounds have. The aim of this publication is to describe the major features of these compounds and the way in which chemical and physical methods have been used to establish their structures and then to show how these structures can be rationalized in biosynthetic terms. The first chapter describes the classes of natural product, their biological activity and isolation. Subsequent chapters attempt to link chemical and spectroscopic strategies in structure elucidation, contrasting the classical chemical strategies that were used in the past with modern spectroscopic methods. The final chapter describes the biosynthesis of natural products. The elucidation of the structures of natural products brings together many elements taught in courses on functional group chemistry, stereochemistry and elementary spectroscopy. This book should therefore be welcomed by lecturers and students of second-year chemistry courses
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[/hide] ============================== كتاب Organic Spectroscopic Analysis R.J. Anderson, D. Bendell, P W. Groundwater
2004
This introduction to organic spectroscopic analysis aims to provide the reader with a basic understanding of how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) give rise to spectra, and how these spectra can be used to determine the structure of organic molecules. The text aims to lead the reader to an appreciation of the information available from each form of spectroscopy and an ability to use spectroscopic information in the identification of organic compounds. Aimed at undergraduate students, Organic Spectroscopic Analysis is a unique textbook containing a large number of spectra, problems and marginal notes chosen to highlight many of the points being discussed. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples رابط التحميل [hide]
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كتاب Atomic Structure and Periodicity Jack Barrett 2002 Presenting basic atomic theory as given in first and second year courses at university, this text demonstrates that the structure of the Periodic Table as we know it is based on sound principles. Theoretical concepts are presented throughout the book, along with the experimental evidence for them. Foundations are laid in the introductory chapter, which deals with fundamental particles, electromagnetic radiation and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. Atomic orbitals are then described, using a minimum of mathematics, followed by a discussion of the electron configurations of the elements. Further chapters reveal the relationships between the electronic configurations of the elements and some properties of their atoms; and the variations in the properties of their fluorides and oxides across the periods and down the groups of the Periodic Table رابط التحميل [hide]
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كتاب Maths for Chemists: Numbers, Functions and Calculus Vol_1 Maths for Chemists: Power Series Complex Numbers and Linear Algebra Vol_2 Martin C.R. Cockett, Graham Doggett 2003
The two volumes of "Maths for Chemists" provide a resource for all undergraduate chemistry students and are particularly focused on the needs of students who may not have studied mathematics beyond GCSE level (or equivalent). The texts are introductory in nature and adopt a sympathetic approach for students who need support and understanding in working with the diverse mathematical tools required in a typical chemistry degree course. The early chapters of the text provide a succinct introduction to the important mathematical skills of algebraic manipulation, trigonometry, numbers, functions, units and the general grammar of maths. Later chapters build on these basic mathematical principles as a foundation for the development of differential and integral calculus. In spite of the introductory nature of this volume, some of the more important mathematical tools required in quantum chemistry are deliberately included, through a gradual introduction to, and development of, the concept of the eigenvalue problem
Covers introductory atomic and molecular theory as given in first and second year undergraduate courses at university level. This book explains in non-mathematical terms where possible, the factors that govern covalent bond formation and the lengths and strengths of bonds and molecular shapes. Throughout the book, theoretical concepts and experimental evidence are integrated. An introductory chapter summarizes the principles on which the periodic table is established, and describes the periodicity of various atomic properties which are relevant to chemical bonding. Symmetry and group theory are introduced to serve as the basis of all molecular orbital treatments of molecules. This basis is then applied to a variety of covalent molecules with discussions of bond lengths and angles and hence molecular shapes. Extensive comparisons of valence bond theory and VSEPR theory with molecular orbital theory are included. Metallic bonding is related to electrical conduction and semi-conduction. The energetics of ionic bond formation and the transition from ionic to covalent bonding is also covered رابط التحميل (djvu) [hide]
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كتاب BASIC ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
J.MICHAEL HOLLAS 2002
What do a pharmaceutical, polymer and solid state chemist have in common? The answer is organometallic chemistry, since progress in their diverse fields has at many times relied on this. It is a discipline which stands at the crossroads of so many branches of chemistry, with industrial applications ranging from the gram to megatonne scale. This text aims to introduce undergraduates to the utility of organotransition metal chemistry, a discipline of importance to scientists and technologists in a variety of industry sectors. The main focus will be on the reactivity of organometallic compounds of the transition metals, supported by discussion of structure and bonding and their implications. The aim, on completion of the course, is that a student should be equipped to recognize the key classes of organometallic compound, their methods of characterization, possible synthetic routes and anticipated reactivity. For the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, "Tutorial Chemistry Texts" is a new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples رابط التحميل [hide]
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كتاب Organotransition Metal Chemistry Anthony F. Hill 2002
What do a pharmaceutical, polymer and solid state chemist have in common? The answer is organometallic chemistry, since progress in their diverse fields has at many times relied on this. It is a discipline which stands at the crossroads of so many branches of chemistry, with industrial applications ranging from the gram to megatonne scale. This text aims to introduce undergraduates to the utility of organotransition metal chemistry, a discipline of importance to scientists and technologists in a variety of industry sectors. The main focus will be on the reactivity of organometallic compounds of the transition metals, supported by discussion of structure and bonding and their implications. The aim, on completion of the course, is that a student should be equipped to recognize the key classes of organometallic compound, their methods of characterization, possible synthetic routes and anticipated reactivity. For the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, "Tutorial Chemistry Texts" is a new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples. رابط التحميل [hide]
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============================= كتاب Aromatic Chemistry J.D. Hepworth
2003
This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive account of aromatic chemistry. A series of chapters describes the synthesis and reactions of the major functional derivatives of benzene and the more common polycyclic systems. The concepts of aromaticity and the mechanism of aromatic substitution are discussed, as is the use of metals in the synthesis of aromatic compounds. Throughout, emphasis is placed on mechanisms. Worked problems and questions are provided to aid understanding
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