Introductory Quantum Mechanics: For Multidisciplinary Applications To Nanotechnology - 2015

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    Introductory Quantum Mechanics: For Multidisciplinary Applications To Nanotechnology
    Author : Dae Mann Kim
    Language:English
    Year:2015
    E-book Format: PDF
    File Size: 8.5 Mb


    Description
    This introductory textbook covers fundamental quantum mechanics from an application perspective, considering optoelectronic devices, biological sensors and molecular imagers as well as solar cells and field effect transistors.

    The book provides a brief review of classical and statistical mechanics and electromagnetism, and then turns to the quantum treatment of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds.
    Aiming at senior undergraduate and graduate students in nanotechnology related areas like physics, materials science, and engineering, the book could be used at schools that offer interdisciplinary but focused training for future workers in the semiconductor industry and for the increasing number of related nanotechnology firms, and even practicing people could use it when they need to learn related concepts.

    The author is Professor Dae Mann Kim from the Korea Institute for Advanced Study who has been teaching Quantum Mechanics to engineering, material science and physics students for over 25 years in USA and Asia.


    Table of Contents

    Preface XI

    1 Review of Classical Theories 1
    1.1 Harmonic Oscillator 1
    1.2 Boltzmann Distribution Function 3
    1.3 Maxwell’s Equations and EMWaves 6
    Suggested Readings 11

    2 Milestones Leading to Quantum Mechanics 13
    2.1 Blackbody Radiation and Quantum of Energy 13
    2.2 Photoelectric Effect and Photon 14
    2.3 Compton Scattering 16
    2.4 de BroglieWavelength and Duality of Matter 17
    2.5 Hydrogen Atom and Spectroscopy 18
    Suggested Readings 22

    3 SchrödingerWave Equation 23
    3.1 Operator Algebra and Basic Postulates 23
    3.2 Eigenequation, Eigenfuntion and Eigenvalue 24
    3.3 Properties of Eigenfunctions 25
    3.4 Commutation Relation and Conjugate Variables 27
    3.5 Uncertainty Relation 29
    Suggested Readings 31

    4 Bound States in QuantumWell and Wire 33
    4.1 Electrons in Solids 33
    4.2 1D, 2D, and 3D Densities of States 35
    4.3 Particle in QuantumWell 38
    4.4 QuantumWell andWire 40
    Suggested Readings 43

    5 Scattering and Tunneling of 1D Particle 45
    5.1 Scattering at the Step Potential 45
    5.2 Scattering from a QuantumWell 48
    5.3 Tunneling 50
    5.3.1 Direct and Fowler–Nordheim Tunneling 52
    5.3.2 Resonant Tunneling 53
    5.4 The Applications of Tunneling 56
    5.4.1 Metrology and Display 57
    5.4.2 Single-Electron Transistor 58
    Suggested Readings 61

    6 Energy Bands in Solids 63
    6.1 BlochWavefunction in Kronig–Penney Potential 63
    6.2 E–k Dispersion and Energy Bands 67
    6.3 The Motion of Electrons in Energy Bands 70
    6.4 Energy Bands and Resonant Tunneling 71
    Suggested Readings 74

    7 The Quantum Treatment of Harmonic Oscillator 75
    7.1 Energy Eigenfunction and Energy Quantization 75
    7.2 The Properties of Eigenfunctions 78
    7.3 HO in Linearly Superposed State 81
    7.4 The Operator Treatment of HO 83
    7.4.1 Creation and Annihilation Operators and Phonons 84
    Suggested Readings 86

    8 Schrödinger Treatment of Hydrogen Atom 87
    8.1 Angular Momentum Operators 87
    8.2 Spherical Harmonics and Spatial Quantization 90
    8.3 The H-Atom and Electron–Proton Interaction 93
    8.3.1 Atomic Radius and the Energy Eigenfunction 97
    8.3.2 Eigenfunction and Atomic Orbital 98
    8.3.3 Doppler Shift 100
    Suggested Readings 104

    9 The Perturbation Theory 105
    9.1 Time-Independent Perturbation Theory 105
    9.1.1 Stark Effect in H-Atom 110
    9.2 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory 111
    9.2.1 Fermi’s Golden Rule 113
    Suggested Readings 116

    10 System of Identical Particles and Electron Spin 117
    10.1 Electron Spin 117
    10.1.1 Pauli Spin Matrices 118
    10.2 Two-Electron System 118
    10.2.1 Helium Atom 120
    10.2.2 Multi-Electron Atoms and Periodic Table 124
    10.3 Interaction of Electron Spin with Magnetic Field 126
    10.3.1 Spin–Orbit Coupling and Fine Structure 127
    10.3.2 Zeeman Effect 129
    10.4 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 131
    Suggested Readings 135

    11 Molecules and Chemical Bonds 137
    11.1 Ionized Hydrogen Molecule 137
    11.2 H2 Molecule and Heitler-LondonTheory 141
    11.3 Ionic Bond 144
    11.4 van derWaals Attraction 146
    11.5 Polyatomic Molecules and Hybridized Orbitals 148
    Suggested Readings 150

    12 Molecular Spectra 151
    12.1 Theoretical Background 151
    12.2 Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Diatomic Molecule 154
    12.3 Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Interaction 158
    12.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 161
    12.4.1 Molecular Imaging 163
    Suggested Readings 165

    13 Atom–Field Interaction 167
    13.1 Atom–Field Interaction: Semiclassical Treatment 167
    13.2 Driven Two-Level Atom and Atom Dipole 169
    13.3 Atom–Field Interaction: Quantum Treatment 171
    13.3.1 Field Quantization 171
    Suggested Readings 177

    14 The Interaction of EMWaves with an Optical Media 179
    14.1 Attenuation, Amplification, and Dispersion ofWaves 179
    14.2 Atomic Susceptibility 181
    14.3 Laser Device 185
    14.3.1 Population Inversion 186

    Suggested Readings 189
    15 Semiconductor Statistics 191
    15.1 Quantum Statistics 191
    15.1.1 Bosons and Fermions 192
    15.2 Carrier Concentration in Intrinsic Semiconductor 194
    15.3 Carrier Densities in Extrinsic Semiconductors 197
    15.3.1 Fermi Level in Extrinsic Semiconductors 199
    Suggested Readings 201

    16 Carrier Transport in Semiconductors 203
    16.1 Quantum Description of Transport Coefficients 203
    16.1.1 Mobility 204
    16.1.2 Diffusion Coefficient 205
    16.2 Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium 206
    16.2.1 Nonequilibrium and Quasi-Fermi Level 208
    16.3 Generation and Recombination Currents 209
    16.3.1 Trap-Assisted Recombination and Generation 210
    Suggested Readings 215

    17 P–N Junction Diode: I–V Behavior and Device Physics 217
    17.1 The p–n Junction in Equilibrium 217
    17.2 The p–n Junction under Bias 220
    17.3 Ideal Diode I–V Behavior 223
    17.4 Nonideal I–V Behavior 226
    Suggested Readings 229

    18 P–N Junction Diode: Applications 231
    18.1 Optical Absorption 231
    18.2 Photodiode 233

    18.3 Solar Cell 235
    18.4 LED and LD 238
    Suggested Readings 243

    19 Field-Effect Transistors 245
    19.1 The Modeling of MOSFET I–V 245
    19.1.1 Channel Inversion in NMOS 246
    19.1.2 Threshold Voltage and ON Current 250
    19.1.3 Subthreshold Current ISUB 251
    19.2 Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor 252
    19.2.1 Short-Channel I–V Behavior in NWFET 256
    19.2.2 Ballistic NWFET 257
    19.3 Tunneling NWFET as Low-Power Device 259
    Suggested Readings 262

    20 The Application and Novel Kinds of FETs 263
    20.1 Nonvolatile Flash EEPROM Cell 263
    20.2 Semiconductor Solar Cells 266
    20.3 Biosensor 268
    20.4 Spin Field-Effect Transistor 271
    20.5 Spin Qubits and Quantum Computing 273
    Suggested Readings 278

    Solutions 279
    Index 369
    __________________

     
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